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zeus serial ata (sata) 2.5-inch solid state drive product datasheet
ii zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive export administration regulation this document may contain technica l data controlled by the u.s. export administration regulations, and may be subject to the approval of the u.s. department of commerce prior to export. any export, directly or indirectly, in contravention of the u.s. export administra tion regulation is prohibited. trademark information the stec name, logo and design are trademarks of stec inc. no right, license, or interest to such trademarks is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted by you with respect to such trademark. other product an d corporate names mentioned in this document are used for identification purpos es only and may be trademarks or re gistered trademarks of their respective companies. disclaimer of liability the performance information and sp ecifications furnished in this document reflect the engineering development objectives of stec inc. and should be used for comparative analysis and reference purposes. the content of this document is a ccurate as of the date of this pu blication; however, the information contained herein, including but not limited to any instructions, descrip tions and product specifications, is subject to change without prior notice. stec inc. (stec) provides no warranty with regard to this document or any other information contained here in and hereby expressly disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose with regard to any of the foregoing. stec assumes no liability for any damages incurred directly or indirectly from any technical or typographical errors or ommissions contained herein. in no event shall stec be liable for any incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages, whether based on tort, contract or otherwise, arising out of or in connection with this document or any other information contained here in or the use thereof. copyright notice copyright ?2007 by stec inc. all rights reserved. this guide is copyrighted by stec inc., with all rights reserved. information contained in th is document, including but not limite d to any instructions, descriptions and product specifications, is compan y private to stec and shall not be modified, used, copied, reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the written consent of stec .
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive iii c onventions the following icons are used throughout this document to identify additional information of which the reader should be aware. shock hazard: this icon indicates the danger of an electrical shock that may harm or otherwise prove fatal to the user. caution: this icon in dicates the existence of a hazard that could result in equipment or property damage or equipment failure if the safety instruction is not observed. electrostatic discharge: this icon indicates the possible presence of electrostatic discharge (esd or ?static electricity?) that may harm the internal electronic components. the u ser is advised to handle the device only after discharging any possible electrostatic buildup that may be present. note: this icon identifies information that relates to the safe operation of the eq uipment or related items. tip: this icon identifies helpful hints and tips.
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zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive v r evision h istory revision status summary sheet revision date sheet(s) affected 0.1 09/01/2006 initial release. title, all sheets. 0.2 12/07/2006 page 34 - updated ordering information table. 0.3 03/07/2007 all. preliminary technical review. 0.4 04/02/2007 all. datasheet reorganized. 1.0 04/20/2007 official release. 1.1 04/25/2007 page 40 - added user-addressable lba sector value for 48gb ssd in table 11 under ?storage capacities? topic. 1.2 06/11/2007 page 16 - removed sata connector artwork (figure 2) and updated figure references; page 20 - ?ata command flow? topic corrected; page 49 - updated ?operating temperatures? table (table 15); page 50 - edited ?altitude parameters? topic; page 52 - minor edit to paragraph 4 of ?conformal coating? topic, ?some component topsides?; page 54 - minor edit to table 22; page 56 - added ?primary heat generation area? topic. 1.3 06/15/2007 minor spelling and grammatical corrections throughout datasheet. page 46 - updated table 13 to include 12 and 96 gigabyte user-addressable lba sectors. 1.4 06/28/2007 page 62 - removed ?firmware upgrades? topic. 1.5 07/09/2007 all - removed all references to ?2,000,000 write/erase cycles?. minor grammar and spelling corrections.
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zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive vii t able of c ontents conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii revision history. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v list of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv list of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 manual overview ................................................................................................................ ....... 1 audience....................................................................................................................... ............. 1 standards and reference documents....................................................................................... 2 standard features and optional features................................................................................. 2 product description............................................................................................................ 2 performance characteristics.............................................................................................. 2 electrical specifications ..................................................................................................... 2 interface specifications...................................................................................................... 2 physical characteristics..................................................................................................... 2 environmental characteristics ........................................................................................... 2 installation................................................................................................................... ....... 2 regulatory compliance...................................................................................................... 2 standards and reference documents....................................................................................... 3 electromagnetic susceptibility ........................................................................................... 3 electromagnetic compatibility............................................................................................ 3 military information systems security standards .............................................................. 3 commercial standards ...................................................................................................... 4 reference documents ....................................................................................................... 4 standard features .............................................................................................................. ....... 5 interface ...................................................................................................................... ....... 5 performance .................................................................................................................... .. 5 unformatted capacities ..................................................................................................... 5 endurance...................................................................................................................... .... 5 reliability.................................................................................................................... ........ 5 physical characteristics..................................................................................................... 6 environmental characteristics ........................................................................................... 6
viii zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive compliance..................................................................................................................... ... 6 power.......................................................................................................................... ....... 7 optional features .............................................................................................................. 7 optional purge features.................................................................................................... 7 optional environmental features ...................................................................................... 7 manufacturing .................................................................................................................. .. 7 product description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 general description............................................................................................................ ....... 8 sata interface ................................................................................................................. ......... 8 drive capacities ............................................................................................................... ......... 8 performance .................................................................................................................... .......... 8 data security .................................................................................................................. ........... 8 performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 endurance ...................................................................................................................... ........... 9 wear-leveling algorithm ........................................................................................................ ... 9 bad-block management ........................................................................................................... .9 data retention................................................................................................................. .......... 9 reliability .................................................................................................................... ............. 10 error rates .................................................................................................................... .. 10 erase cycles................................................................................................................... .10 error detection and error correction ............................................................................... 10 built-in self test (bist) ................................................................................................... 10 ata modes ...................................................................................................................... 10 mount time..................................................................................................................... .11 seek time...................................................................................................................... .. 11 data transfer rates ........................................................................................................ 11 cache operations............................................................................................................ 11 purge times .................................................................................................................... 12 repairs ........................................................................................................................ .... 12 preventative maintenance ............................................................................................... 12 hot plugging drive........................................................................................................... 12
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive ix electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 power requirements ............................................................................................................. .. 13 power consumption.............................................................................................................. ... 13 activity led indicator......................................................................................................... ...... 13 drive power-on ready time................................................................................................... 14 power saving commands ....................................................................................................... 14 power mode at power on........................................................................................................ 1 4 grounding ...................................................................................................................... .......... 14 hardware purge................................................................................................................. ...... 14 interface specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 ssd operation.................................................................................................................. ....... 15 functional blocks.............................................................................................................. ....... 16 sata interface block....................................................................................................... 16 ssd control block ........................................................................................................... 19 ata commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 ata command flow............................................................................................................... .20 standard ata commands ............................................................................................... 21 standard ata command summary ................................................................................ 23 check power mode (98h or e5h)..................................................................................... 23 download microcode (92h) .............................................................................................. 23 erase sector (c0h) .......................................................................................................... 23 execute drive diagnostic (90h) ....................................................................................... 23 flush cache (e7h) ........................................................................................................... 23 flush cache extended (eah) .......................................................................................... 23 format track (50h) .......................................................................................................... 24 identify response (ech).................................................................................................. 24 idle (97h, e3h) ................................................................................................................ .24 idle immediate (95h, e1h)................................................................................................ 24 initialize drive parameters (91h)...................................................................................... 24 nop (00h)...................................................................................................................... .. 24 read buffer (e4h) ............................................................................................................ 24 read dma (c8h) ............................................................................................................. 24
x zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive read dma ext (25h)........................................................................................................ 24 read dma queued (c7h) ............................................................................................... 25 read dma queued ext (26h).......................................................................................... 25 read multiple (c4h)......................................................................................................... 25 read multiple extended (29h) ......................................................................................... 25 read sector(s) (20h) ....................................................................................................... 25 read sector(s) extended (24h) ....................................................................................... 25 read/verify sector(s) (40h) ............................................................................................. 25 read/verify extended (42h) ............................................................................................ 25 recalibrate (10h) ............................................................................................................. 2 6 security disable password (f6h) .................................................................................... 26 security erase prepare (f3h) .......................................................................................... 26 security erase unit (f4h) ................................................................................................ 26 security freeze lock (f5h) ............................................................................................. 26 security set password (f1h) ........................................................................................... 26 security unlock (f2h) ...................................................................................................... 26 seek (70h, 7fh) ............................................................................................................... 2 7 set features (efh) .......................................................................................................... 27 set multiple mode (c6h) .................................................................................................. 27 set sleep mode (99h or e6h) .......................................................................................... 27 sleep (e6h).................................................................................................................... .. 27 smart (b0h) .................................................................................................................. 27 standby (96h or e2h)....................................................................................................... 27 standby immediate (94h or e0h)..................................................................................... 28 write buffer (e8h) ............................................................................................................ 2 8 write dma (cah) ............................................................................................................. 28 write dma ext (35h)........................................................................................................ 28 write dma fua ext (3dh) ............................................................................................... 28 write dma queued (cch) ............................................................................................... 28 write dma queued ext (38h) .......................................................................................... 28 write dma queued fua ext (3eh) ................................................................................. 28 write multiple (c5h) ......................................................................................................... 29
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive xi write multiple ext (39h).................................................................................................... 29 write multiple fua ext (ceh) .......................................................................................... 29 write sector(s) (30h)........................................................................................................ 29 write sector(s) ext (34h) ................................................................................................. 29 smart support.................................................................................................................. ..... 30 smart commands ......................................................................................................... 30 smart attributes ............................................................................................................ 31 identify response information ................................................................................................. 3 1 vendor-specific ata commands ............................................................................................ 44 sanitize erase/fill ............................................................................................................ ........ 44 sanitization standards ......................................................................................................... .... 45 physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 general physical characteristics ............................................................................................. 46 materials ...................................................................................................................... .... 46 drive assembly weight.................................................................................................... 46 storage capacities........................................................................................................... 46 exterior dimensions......................................................................................................... 47 sata connector location ............................................................................................... 48 environmental characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 overview ....................................................................................................................... ........... 49 operating temperatures......................................................................................................... .49 operating requirements.................................................................................................. 49 non-operating requirements .......................................................................................... 50 relative humidity .............................................................................................................. ....... 50 altitude parameters ............................................................................................................ ..... 50 restriction of hazardous materials .......................................................................................... 51 shock and vibration............................................................................................................ ..... 51 failure criteria ............................................................................................................... .. 51 random vibration ............................................................................................................ 51 shock .......................................................................................................................... ..... 51 drop testing ................................................................................................................... .52 conformal coating.............................................................................................................. ..... 52
xii zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 system requirements ............................................................................................................ .53 sata connections .......................................................................................................... 53 drive configuration .......................................................................................................... 53 connector requirements................................................................................................. 54 drive orientation.............................................................................................................. 55 primary heat generation area ........................................................................................ 56 cooling requirements ..................................................................................................... 57 installation dimensions.................................................................................................... 58 mounting requirements................................................................................................... 59 drive installation ............................................................................................................. .60 grounding requirements................................................................................................. 60 operating system specifications............................................................................................. 61 microsoft os compatibility .............................................................................................. 61 alternative operating systems ........................................................................................ 61 system post, boot and resume times ........................................................................ 61 nand flash support ............................................................................................................. .. 61 diagnostic software............................................................................................................ ..... 61 regulatory compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 marking, approvals and su pporting documentation ............................................................... 62 cb certificate and cb report.................................................................................................. 6 3 declaration of conformity ...................................................................................................... .. 63 radio frequency emissions.................................................................................................... 64 radio frequency immunity requirements .............................................................................. 64 emi test site correlation...................................................................................................... ... 64 verification samples........................................................................................................... ..... 64 verification testing ........................................................................................................... ....... 64 electrostatic discharge (esd) ................................................................................................. 6 5 acceptance criteria definitions................................................................................................ 65
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive xiii contact and ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 contact information............................................................................................................ ...... 66 ordering information........................................................................................................... ..... 66 acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 certification and warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inside back cover
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zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive xv l ist of f igures 1. the zeus 2.5-inch sata solid state drive ......................................................................... 1 2. sata signal segment....................................................................................................... 16 3. sata power segment....................................................................................................... 17 4. zeus 2.5-inch ssd assembly dimensions ........................................................................ 47 5. sata connector location ................................................................................................. 48 6. possible drive orientations ............................................................................................... 55 7. primary heat generation area .......................................................................................... 56 8. suggested air flow patterns for cooling........................................................................... 57 9. exterior mounting dimensions........................................................................................... 58 10. mounting hole requirements ............................................................................................ 59
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zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive xvii l ist of t ables 1. error limits ................................................................................................................. .......... 10 2. data transfer rates .......................................................................................................... ... 11 3. purge times .................................................................................................................. ....... 12 4. zeus sata absolute power requirements.......................................................................... 13 5. ssd typical power consumption......................................................................................... 13 6. sata connector signal definitions ...................................................................................... 17 7. sata connector power segment definitions ...................................................................... 18 8. supported ata commands.................................................................................................. 21 9. smart command values.................................................................................................... 30 10. supported smart attributes ............................................................................................... 31 11. identify response information .............................................................................................. 3 2 12. sanitize standards compliance............................................................................................ 45 13. zeus ssd capacities......................................................................................................... ... 46 14. 2.5 drive assembly dimensions ........................................................................................... 47 15. operating temperatures...................................................................................................... .49 16. non-operating conditions .................................................................................................... 49 17. non-operating conditions .................................................................................................... 50 18. relative humidity operating criteria .................................................................................... 50 19. operating and non-operating altitudes................................................................................ 50 20. random vibration levels..................................................................................................... .51 21. shock test results.......................................................................................................... ..... 51 22. recommended fpc mating specifications .......................................................................... 54 23. regulatory marks and documentation ................................................................................. 62 24. emi specification limits.................................................................................................... .... 64 25. esd requirements ............................................................................................................ ... 65 26. acceptance criteria definitions............................................................................................. 65
xviii zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 1 s cope figure 1. the zeus 2.5-inch sata solid state drive manual overview this datasheet describes the applicat ions, specifications, and installati on of the zeus 2.5-inch serial ata (sata) solid state drive (ssd). see figure 1 . the contents of this datasheet can be quickly ascertained by reviewing the abstracts described under the scope section. audience this manual is intended for system engineers or system designers empl oyed by an original equipment manufacturer (oem). this datasheet was therefore written specific ally for a technically advanced audience; it is not intended for end-users that will eventually purchase the commercially available product. the user , as referenced throughout the m anual, is primarily concerned with industrial, commercial or military applications.
2 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive standards and reference documents this section discusses the formal standards that apply the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd, including electrical product standards and military informati on systems security standards. in addition, this section lists the reference documents relevant to the ata interface protocol used for the zeus 2.5- inch sata ssd. standard features and optional features these two sections list the standard and opti onal features of the 2.5-inch sata ssd. product description this section provides a general description of t he ssd, and includes media, performance, reliability and capacity information. performance characteristics this section describes the internal and seek char acteristics of the ssd and includes information on the access execution times. electrical specifications this section describes the power requirements and power consumption parameters of the ssd and includes explanations of power savi ng commands supported by the drive. interface specifications this section provides a table of the connector pinout and tables of the electr ical characteristics for the pin signals. in addition, this section describes how the drive us es the pin signals when interacting with the host system. there is also a listing of the ata commands supported by the zeus ssd. physical characteristics this section describes the general physical param eters of the ssd, the weight of the finished assembly, available storage capacities, the exte rior dimensions and the location of the sata connector. environmental characteristics this section provides the vari ous temperature and relative humidity conditions, and the shock and vibration conditions during the testing of the ssd. installation this section discusses issues relating to the inst allation of the 2.5-inch ssd in a pc or other enclosure, including cooling and grounding. regulatory compliance this section provides an overview of t he marking, approval, documentation and reporting conventions for the ssd.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 3 standards and reference documents this section discusses the various standards for el ectronic products, electr onic equipment, military use and how those standards apply to the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd. electromagnetic susceptibility the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd is intended for installati on by the user in an appropriate enclosure, i.e., a pc or alternate enclosure. the enclosure must be designed so that the use of the zeus drive does not impair nearby electronic equipment within the same enclosure and external to the enclosure. the user, as previ ously defined under the audience section, is responsible for choosing, designing and testing the enclosure so that it is appropriate as previously defined, and complies to related regulations, such as subpart b of part 15 of fcc rules and regulations, and radio interference regulations of the canadian d epartment of communications. electromagnetic compatibility independent laboratories are in the process of conf irming that the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd meets the requirements for ce marking. test systems confirming the ce marking may include the following: ? a current microprocessor ? 3.5-inch floppy diskette drive ? keyboard ? monitor ? printer ? external modem ? mouse while the drive may have ce marking, the oem mu st confirm ce marking for the product in which the drive has been integrated. military information systems security standards the following military standards apply to the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd: ? dod 5220.22-m ? nsa 130-2 ? afssi 5220 ? ar380-19 ? navso-p 5239, nebs level 3
4 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive commercial standards zeus ssds comply, in whole or in par t, with the following commercial standards: ? s/nzs 3548 class b ? bsmi cns 13438 class b ? can/csa-v3/2001.04 (vcci) ? ce (conformite europenne) ? cispr 22 class b ? en 55022 class b ? en 61000-3-2 ? en 61000-3-3 ? fcc part 15 class b ? underwriters laboratories (ul) ? nebs level 3 ? iec 61000-4-2 ? iec 61000-4-3 ? iec 61000-4-4 ? iec 61000-4-5 ? iec 61000-4-6 ? iec 61000-4-8 ? iec 61000-4-11 reference documents the following list of ansi documents are re lative to the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd: ? ncits t13 project 1697d at attachment - 8 ata serial transport (ata8-ast) ? ncits 1699d at attachment 8 - ata/atapi command set (ata8-acs) ? ncits 1510d host adapter standards (ata adapter)
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 5 standard features interface ? serial ata (sata) 1.0 with intended compliance to future sata 2.0 standard ? point-to-point connection ? interface bandwidth 150 mbytes/sec (300 mb ytes/sec with future sata 2 standards) performance ? fast initialization ? burst transfer rate: 1.5 gbits/sec ? sustained read/write: up to 55 mb/s ? latency, average: 0.5 msec unformatted capacities ? 8gb to 128gb endurance ? wear-leveling algorithms ? bad-block mapping algorithms ? supports unlimited read cycles reliability ? solid state design ? data integrity: 10-year data retention ? manual and automatic self-diagnosis tests ? embedded edc/ecc (error detection and error correction) ? dependable operation under uns table power conditions ? rugged, impact-resistance casing ? 5 year warranty
6 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive physical characteristics ? industry standard 2.5-inch form factor, pr ecision machined aluminum alloy enclosure ? compact design: 100.2 mm (l) x 69.8 mm (w) x 9.5 mm (h) ? 8 to 128 gigabyte unformatted capacities ? weight: < 0.4 kg ? sata connector: 7-pin signal segment, 15-pin power segment environmental characteristics ? two operating temperat ure ranges available: ? commercial range: 0 o c to 70 o c ? industrial range: -40 o c to 85 o c ? storage temperature of -55 o c to 95 o c ? humidity of 5% to 95% relative, non-condensing ? operating altitude of 80,000 feet compliance ? meets nebs level 3 requirements fo r telco electrical environments ? meets u.s. army, navy, air force and dod security erase and sanitization (purge) guidelines ? meets ul 1950 requirements for electrical equipm ent sold in the united states of america and is marked accordingly ? compliance with csa can/csa-c22.2, no . 950-m89 requirements for electrical equipment sold in canada and is marked accordingly. ? compliance with european community (eur opean union) information technology equipment (ite) directives. ? mic (korean) certified. ? bsmi (taiwan) certified. ? vcci (japan) certified. ? c-tick (australia) certified. ? fcc declaration of conformity (doc)
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 7 power ? input voltage: 5v dc +/-5% ? typical consumption: ? standby: 300mw ? idle:550mw ? sustained read/write: 2.1w optional features ? smart status monitoring (see ?smart support') ? sanitization (see ?sanitize erase/fill?) optional purge features ? basicpurge?:erases solid state drive ? rapidpurge?: erases solid state drive in seconds ? milpurge?: erases solid state drive in compliance with security guidelines (dod 5220.22-m, nsa 130-2 afssi 5020, ar 380-19 and navso 5239) ? intelligent destructive purge?: physica lly damages the flash media, making it totally unusable as media ? hardware purge optional environmental features ? conformal coating manufacturing ? santa ana, california united states of america ? iso 9001 certified
8 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive p roduct d escription general description the zeus 2.5-inch serial ata (sata) solid stat e drive (ssd) is a non-volatile mass storage device. the ssd is a replacement for a standard ata-compli ant hard disk drive (hdd ). no additional device drivers are required, and the drive can be c onfigured as a boot or data storage device. sata interface the ssd can be installed in any operating system environment that supports sata 1.0 or greater devices. the drive is compliant with sata 2 standards. the ssd supports all ata and atapi devices. the ssd has a standard serial ata interf ace that is fully ata/atapi-8 compliant and conforms to the same mechanical and mounting requirements as a standar d rotating disk drive. drive capacities the ssds are available with unformatted memory capa cities of 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96 and 128 gigabytes. the memory is comprised of nand single-level cell (slc) eeprom flash components. in addition, the ssds are configured with a cache buffer of 64 megabytes. performance zeus sata ssds can operate at sustained read/wri te transfer rates of up to 55 megabytes per second. power consumption is kept to a minimum; ssds can be powered from a single 5-volt source. the solid state design eliminates electromechanica l noise and delay inherent in traditional magnetic rotating media. the wear-leve ling and bad-block mapping algorithms ensure consistency, accuracy, and integrity of user data. the non-recoverable error rate of zeus sata ssds is less than 1 error per 10 20 bits read. data security the ssd offers optional data sani tization (purge) features that can be customized by the user. supporting both sanitized erase/fill and non-reco verable sanitization opt ions, the ssds can be configured to remove data from the drive, freeing storage space for later reuse, or to remove data and destroy the storage media, making the ssd unusable and data retrieval impossible. the data security features comply with department of de fense (dod) and us military data security standards, including afssi 5020, ar 380-19, navso p-5239-26, nispom dod 5220.22-m and nsa 130-2.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 9 p erformance c haracteristics endurance the useful life of flash media is limited by the number of write/erase opera tions that can be performed on the media. to extend the useful life of zeus ssds, special wear-lev eling and bad-block mapping algorithms are integrat ed in the firmware. wear-leveling algorithm the dynamic wear-leveling algorithm integrated in the firmware guarantees that erase/write cycles are evenly distributed across all of the flash memo ry block locations. wear -leveling eliminates repeated writes to the same physical flash memo ry location, thereby pr eventing blocks from premature wear. bad-block management the bad-block mapping algorithm replaces bad-blocks with new ones from available spares. two percent (2%) of the flash memory is held in re serve (spare blocks) for bad block replacement. bad blocks in the media are flagged when detected. t he next time an attempt is made to access a flagged block, it is immediately replaced by a spare block. the bad-block mappi ng function enables data to be automatically transferred from a bad sector to an avai lable spare block. notes : 1 stec inc. scans for bad blocks during the manuf acturing process at the initial installation of the flash components. bad blocks are mapped and identified durin g the manufacturing process. 2 the maximum amount of available user space will not be less than 97% of the total flash capacity, i.e., the reserved space will not exceed more than 3% of the total drive volume. data retention data stored on zeus ssds remains valid for 10 y ears without requiring pow er support. the unit can be stored under certain environmental conditions for extended periods without any occurrence of data degradation.
10 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive reliability error rates table 1 lists the error limit specifications. when a ll data correction mechanisms are enabled, the error rate will be sustained through all operating temperatur e ranges as specified in the upcoming sections. table 1. error limits erase cycles the drive design implements the a w ear-leveling algorithm to enhance t he life of the flash. the ssds maintain at least 2 million erase cycles over the ent ire flash. the wear-leve ling algorithm ensures the entire volume is cycled, includi ng the static and the dynamic data. error detection and error correction the error detection code and error correcting code (edc/ecc) helps maintain data integrity by allowing single or multiple bit corrections to the dat a stored in the flash array. if the data in the flash array is corrupted due to aging or during the prog ramming process, edc/ecc will compensate for the errors to ensure the delivery of accurate data to the host computer. the edc/ecc engine is capable of correcting up to four (4) bytes in er ror and detecting up to five(5) bytes in error. an extensive retry algorithm is also implemented on all zeus sata ssds, so that single event disturbances such as esd or emf occurring during a read operat ion can be readily overcome. built-in self test (bist) the micro-controller tests the controller memo ry during power-up, and then performs a back-end status check to verify proper flash memory controll er operations. if a fault condition is detected in the flash memory controller, the status of the ssd is reported as failed. ata modes the zeus 2.5-inch sata ssd suppor ts the following ata operating modes: ? pio modes 0 through 4 ? udma modes 0 through 5 ? serial ata 2.0 (1.5gb) error type maximum number of errors recoverable data error 1 bit in 10 20 unrecoverable data error less than 1 bit in 10 20
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 11 mount time the amount of time required to initialize and mount a zeus sata ssd varies according to the operating system (windows ? , linux ? , etc.) in which the ssd is running and the storage capacity of the drive. seek time unlike a magnetic rotating disk, the ssd has no read/wr ite heads or platter. there is no seek time or rotational latency issues. zeus ssds dramatical ly improve transaction th roughput, particularly for applications that are configured to take adv antage of the characteristics of the drive. data transfer rates the data transfer rate of the ssds depends on the fl ash controller/flash memory configuration of the drive. the scalable architecture of the drive is capable of accommodating sustained and burst data transfer rates outlined in table 2 . table 2. data transfer rates cache operations the ssd is configured with 64mbytes of usable ca che. the drive will track the location of the data stored in the cache, and will use the cache data in stead or re-transferring the data from the host or the media, if the cache contains the data needed for read or write. a two-way set associative cache algorithm is im plemented using 128kbyte line sizes. the cache operation is circular, and when the end of the segm ent is addressed, it will wrap around to the beginning location of the segment. the cache buffer can be accessed directly using the write buffer (0xe8) command. the cache is enabled or disabled using the ata set features (0xef) command. the read and write cache are both enabled by default. drive capacities transfer rate 8 - 64 gb 80 - 128 gb burst transfer rate 1.5gb/s 1.5gb/s sustained read throughput 40mb/s 55mb/s sustained write throughput 26mb/s 55mb/s
12 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive purge times the time required to purge a zeus ssd depends on t he actual purge option invoked by the user and the flash controller/flash memory co nfiguration of the drive. a list of approximate purge times is listed in table 3 , with the value expressed in seconds per 32 gigabytes (s/32gb) for each purge option. table 3. purge times repairs a defective ssd should be replaced. there are no parts, assemblies or subassemblies that can be repaired individually by the user . please see the section titled certification and warranty on the inside of the back cover page. unauthorized repairs to the ssd will void the warranty . preventative maintenance no preventative maintenance is requi red. the drive is sealed at the factory, and there are no parts, assemblies or subassemblies that require preven tive maintenance on behalf of the user. please see the section titled certification and warranty on the inside of the back cover page. unauthorized maintenance to the ssd will void the warranty . hot plugging drive the ssd can be inserted or removed during operation. this capability is k nown as ?hot plugging?. the error recovery procedures will recover from any errors introduced by hot plugging. the method used by the system to detect the insertion/removal of the ssd is dependent upon the scenario. for example, the backplane may be powered, but the ssd may be in a ?quiescent? state. it is recommended that the user reference the serial at a 2.6 specification (serialata international organization (sata-io), high-speed serialized ata attachment, febr uary 2007) for an overview of the terms and scenarios associated with ?hot plugging? serial drives. 1 hot plugging under the sata 2.0 standard is limited to backplane applications and connections; the ssd cannot be connected/disconnected for cabled applications. 2 the user should avoid hot plugging a ssd that has been configured as a boot drive. unrecoverable errors may be in troduced by the operating system if the user attempts to remove/install a ssd with an os installed on it. purge option value units basicpurge 360 s/32gb rapidpurge 9 s/32gb milpurge 1,200 s/32gb intelligent destructive purge 2 s/32gb
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 13 e lectrical s pecifications power requirements the ssd requires a 5v power source. if a power fail ure occurs, the drive design ensures that the data contained in the storage memory is preserv ed. data loss or corruption does not occur. table 4. zeus sata absolute power requirements power consumption the amount of power consumed by zeus sata ssds is determined by the storage (memory) capacity of the drive, and the flash contro ller/memory configuration of the drive. see table 5 . table 5. ssd typical power consumption activity led indicator zeus serial ata ssds are configured to drive pin 11 of the serial ata cable during all command activity and during periods when t he drive indicates a busy state. see power segment pinout configuration . symbol description rating unit note vdd dc supply voltage -0.3 to +6.0 v vin input voltage -0.5 to +5.5 v 5-volt tolerant vout output voltage -0.5 to 3.8v v idd dc current 1,100 ma purge tstg storage temperature -55 to +95 o c operation power consumption standby 300mw idle 550mw read (40mb/sec) 2.1w write (40mb/sec) 2.1w
14 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive drive power-on ready time the power-on ready time for the ssd is less t han 2.5 seconds. power-on ready time is measured from the time the drive is powered on to the time t he drive is ready to acc ept the first command from the host. power saving commands zeus ssds support the following power savings commands and respond with the appropriate status: ? check power mode ? idle ? standby ? standby immediate ? sleep the drives comply with all specif ications that define the behavior of storage devices as it relates to power management and advanced power management (apm). when the ssds receive a power management command, all data in the write cache buffer is written to the media before drive ready is asserted. power mode at power on the zeus ssds comply with the latest ata powe r management specification. during the power on reset sequence, the drive functions properly and responds as appropriate. in addition, if a srst (ata interface reset) occurs during this sequence, the drives still respond normally. the drives goes into idle or standby mode, depending on the se tting by the host, after power on or hard reset. grounding signal and chassis grounds are not connected toget her in the drive. to ensure minimal em emissions, the user should provi de maximum surface contact area when connecting the drive to the chassis ground. hardware purge a voltage can be applied to pin 13 to invoke a hardwar e purge. the user can employ a software utility to preset whether basicpurge?, rapidpurge?, milp urge?, or intelligent destructive purge? is used when a voltage is applied to pin 13. see power segment pinout specification .
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 15 i nterface s pecifications ssd operation the zeus sata ssd is comprised of three primar y functional blocks: the sata interface connector, zeus controller and nand flash memory. a description of each dr ive component is provided under functional blocks . read/write data transfer requests are initiated by the host via the sata bus interface. once received, the zeus controller, under the directi on of the microcontroller, processes the request. commands that do not require data to be read from or written to the flash memory controller are typically handled by the zeus controller. some co mmands may require the zeus controller to use external circuitry (for example, intelligent destructive purge?), th at do not involve the flash memory controller. when a write operation is requested and data is re ceived, the controller uses integrated dma controllers to transfer the data from host memory to the flash memory controller. through a standard ata (ide) interface, the flash memory controller transfers the data from the zeus controller to available locations in the local flash memory of the ssd. the internal transfer rates can range up to 55mb/s. the controller notifies the host after the write operation is completed. if a read request is received, the controller retrieves the data from the local flash memory via the flash memory controller. if the controller is responding to a pio read operation, it presents the data to the ata bus. if it is responding to a udma read request, the controller writes the data directly to the system memory on the host. regardless of the type of operation (pio or udma), the zeus controller notifies the host when the data is ready for transmission. the microcontroller is responsible for initiating and controlling all activity within the controller, including bad block mapping and executing the wear-leveling algorithms. the zeus controller decodes an incoming host command, and will configure the appropriate interr upts and status for the local microprocessor to handle various commands. for read and write transfer commands, the hardware can handle the initial handshake with the host automatically. if fi rmware enables full auto mode, read and write transfers can be fully ha ndled by hardware with minimum firmware support.
16 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive functional blocks the zeus sata ssds comprise the foll owing primary functi onal component blocks: ? sata interface block ? ssd control block ? nand flash memory sata interface block this section provides information on the sata connector of the zeus ssd. sata interface connector the connector on zeus sata ssds is divided into a signal segment (s1 - s7) and a power segment (p1 - p15). the connector supports the signal and power segments cabled up to 1 meter (39 inches) and backplane connections. the connector is designed to blind mate, has staggered contacts to facilitate ?hot plugging?, and supports the future 3.0 gb/sec speed. see figure 2 . signal segment pinout configuration a sata signal cable uses a protoc ol transmitted over a 7-pin cabl e, versus the current ide 40/80 conductor cable. figure 2 identifies the 7-pin signal segment of the cable. table 6 lists the signal definitions of the 7-pin segment. figure 2. sata signal segment
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 17 the 7-pin signal segment of the sata connector includes 3 grounds, 2 transmit, and 2 receive pins. the transmit pins are txn 5 and txp 6 and t he receive pins are rxp 2 and rxn 3. this pin configuration is reversed on the host plug; pins 2 and 3 are the transmit pins and 5 and 6 are the receive pins. table 6. sata connector signal definitions power segment pinout configuration the sata power connector consists of 15 pins. figure 3 identifies the 15-pin power segment of the cable. table 7 lists the signal definitions of the 15-p in segment. the system power supply must deliver a 5v voltage. pin 11 is reserved to drive the activity led indicator. figure 3. sata power segment pin signal name signal description s1 ground second mate s2 rxp +differential receive signal s3 rxn -differential receive signal s4 ground second mate s5 txn +differential transmit signal s6 txp -differential transmit signal s7 ground second mate to install the zeus sata ssd on legacy systems equipped with an add-in sata contro ller requires a power adapter cable to convert a traditiona l power connector to a sata power connector.
18 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive table 7. sata connector power segment definitions pin signal name signal description p1 v3.3 3.3v power (not used) p2 v3.3 3.3v power (not used) p3 v3.3 3.3v power (not used) p4 ground first mate p5 ground second mate p6 ground second mate p7 v5 5v power, pre-charge, second mate p8 v5 5v power p9 v5 5v power p10 ground second mate p11 reserved drive activity indicator (activity led) p12 ground first mate p13 v12 12v pre-charge (hardware purge) p14 v12 12v power (not used) p15 v12 12v power (not used)
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 19 ssd control block the control block of the zeus ssd is comprised of three integrated components: ? fpga controller ? risc microcontroller ? nand slc flash memory fpga controller the field programmable gate array (fpga) contro ller provides the interface between the sata drive and the host, and the ide interface to the lo cal flash memory installed in the drive. the integrated dma controller interfaces with the syst em memory to facilitate data transfer between the host and local flash memory of the ssd. risc microcontroller an integrated microcontroller initiates and controls al l activity within the zeus ata controller. the microcontroller features more than 1 mbit of on- chip sram and a wide range of peripheral functions, with 8 mbits of flash memory into a single 120-bga package. the embedded microcontroller is a high-performance processor with a high-density instruct ion set with very low power consumption. in addition, a large number of internally banked regist ers provide very fast exception handling, making it ideal for the real-time application control requi rements of the ssd. the 8-level priority-vectored interrupt controller, together with the peripheral data controller, significantly enhance the real-time performance of the ssd. the flash memory controller architecture requi res only minimal exter nal component support. the flash controller works with fl ash memory devices from samsung ? and toshiba ? , as well as a number of compatible flash memory dev ices from other manufacturers. features of the flash memory controller include: ? built-in 3.3v voltage regulator for flash memory supply ? data transfer rates up to 55 mb/sec (controller to flash memory) ? true-ide mode support ? embedded ecc unit ? wear-leveling and bad- block mapping software nand slc flash memory the local subsystem uses single- level cell (slc) nand, non-volat ile flash memory that has only two states and one bit of stored data. the slc na nd flash control logic on the ssd is able to conserve energy when managing the el ectrical charge during operation.
20 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive ata c ommands this section provides information on the at a commands supported by the zeus sata ssd. the commands are issued to the ata by loading the r equired registers in the command block with the supplied parameter, and then writing the command code to the register. ata command flow ddmai0: dma_in state this state is activated when the device receives a dma data-in command or the transmission of one or more data fis is required to complete the command. when in this state, the device shall prepare the data for transfer of a data fis to the host. transition ddmai0:1 when the device has the data ready to transfer a data fis, the device shall transition to the ddmai1: send_data state. transition ddmai0:2 when the device has transferred all of the data requested by this command or has encountered an error that causes the command to abort before completing the transfer of the requested data, then the device shall transition to the ddmai2: send_status state. ddmai1: send_data this state is activated when the device has the data ready to transfer a data fis to the host. when in this state, the device shall request that the transport layer transmit a data fis containing the data. the device command layer shall request a data fis size of no more than 2,048 dwords (8kb). transition ddmai1:1 when the data fis has been transferred, the device shall transition to the dmaoi0: dma_in state. ddmai2: send_status this state is activated when the device has transferred all of the data requested by the command or has encountered an error that causes the command to abort before completing the transfer of the requested data. when in this state, the device shall request that the transport layer transmit a register fis with the register content as described in the command description in the ata/atapi-6 standard and the i bit set to one. transition ddmai2:1 when the fis has been transmitted, the device shall transition to the di0: device_idle state.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 21 standard ata commands table 8 lists each command along with its respective co mmand code and registers accessed by the command. for detailed descriptions of the ata commands, refer to the ata-5 specification. table 8. supported ata commands command command code (hex) feature register sector count register sector number register cylinder high/low register drive/head number register check power mode 98h or e5h no yes no no yes (a) download microcode 92h yes no no no no erase sector c0h no yes yes yes yes (a) execute drive diagnostic 90h no no no no yes (a) flush cache e7h tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd flush cache extended eah tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd format track 50h no yes no yes yes (b) identify response ech yes no no no yes (a) idle 97h, e3h no y no no yes (a) idle immediate 95h, e1h no no no no yes (a) initialize drive parameters 91h no yes no no yes (b) nop 00h no no no no yes (b) read buffer e4h no no (d) no (d) no (d) no (d) read dma c8h no yes yes yes yes (b) read dma extended 25h no yes yes yes yes (b) read dma queued c7h no yes yes yes yes (b) read dma queued ext 26h no yes yes yes yes (b) read multiple c4h no yes yes yes yes (b) read multiple extended 29h no yes yes yes yes (b) read sector(s) 20h no yes yes yes yes (b) read sector(s) extended 24h no yes yes yes yes (b) read verify sector(s) 40h no yes yes yes yes (b) read verify extended 42h no yes yes yes yes (b) recalibrate 10h no no no no yes (a) security disable password f6h no no no no yes (a) security erase prepare f3h no no no no yes (a) security erase unit f4h no no no no yes (a) security freeze lock f5h no no no no yes (a) security set password f1h no no no no yes (a)
22 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive notes : (a) only drive parameters are valid. (b) drive and head parameters are valid. (c) address to drive 0 (zero). when execut ed, both drives (primary and secondary) execute this command. (d) tbd security unlock f2h no no no no yes (a) seek 70h - 7fh no no yes yes yes (b) set features efh no yes yes yes yes (b) set multiple mode c6h no yes no no yes (a) set sleep mode 99h or e6h no no no no yes (a) sleep e6h no no no no yes (a) smart b0h yes yes yes yes yes (b) standby 96h or e2h no yes no no yes (a) standby immediate 94h or e0h no no no no yes (a) write buffer e8h no yes yes yes yes (b) write dma cah no yes yes yes yes (b) write dma extended 35h no yes yes yes yes (b) write dma fua extended 3dh no yes yes yes yes (b) write dma queued cch no yes yes yes yes (b) write dma queued ext 36h no yes yes yes yes (b) write dma queued fua ext 3eh no yes yes yes yes (b) write multiple c5h no yes yes yes yes (b) write multiple extended 39h no yes yes yes yes (b) write multiple fua ext ceh no yes yes yes yes (b) write sector(s) 30h no yes yes yes yes (b) write sector(s) extended 34h no yes yes yes yes (b) command command code (hex) feature register sector count register sector number register cylinder high/low register drive/head number register
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 23 standard ata command summary this section provides a summa ry of each supported ata command. check power mode (98h or e5h) the check power mode command allows the host to determine the current power mode of the device. the check power mode command shall not c ause the device to change power or affect the operation of the standby timer. download microcode (92h) the command allows the host to alter the microc ode of the device. the data transferred using the download microcode command is vendor-s pecific. all transfers are an integer multiple of the sector size. the size of the data transfer is determined by the contents of the lba low register and the sector count register. the lba low register will extend the sector count register to create a 16-bit sector count value. the lba low register will be t he most significant eight bits and the sector count register will be the least signifi cant eight bits. a value of zero in the lba low and sector count registers specify that no data is to be transferred. this allows transfer sizes from 0 bytes to 33,553,920 bytes, in 512-byte increments. the featur es register will determine the effect of the download microcode command. erase sector (c0h) this command will pre-erase and condition the data sectors in advance. execute drive diagnostic (90h) this command performs the internal diagnos tic tests implemented by the controller. flush cache (e7h) this command is used by the host to request the devic e to flush the write cache. if there is data in the write cache, that data shall be written to t he media. the command will not indicate completion until the data is flushed to the media or an error oc curs. if the device supports more than 28 bits of addressing, this command shall attempt to flush al l the data in the cache. if the write cache is disabled or is not present, the device will indicate completion without error. the command is mandatory for devices not implementing the packet feature set. flush cache extended (eah) this command is used by the host to request the devic e to flush the write cache. if there is data in the write cache, that data shall be written to t he media. the command will not indicate completion until the data is flushed to the media or an error occurs . if the write cache is disabled or is not present, the device will indicate comple tion without error. this command is mandatory for devices that implement the 48-bit address feature set.
24 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive format track (50h) this command writes the desired head and cylinder of the selected drive with a vendor-unique data pattern (typically 00h or ffh). t he drive accepts a sector buffer of data from the host to follow the command with the same protocol as the write sect or(s) - 30h command, although the information in the cache is not used. identify response (ech) this command allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive. idle (97h, e3h) this command will cause the drive to set bsy , enter the idle mode, clear bsy, and generate an interrupt. if the sector count is zero, the automatic power down mode is disabled. idle immediate (95h, e1h) this command will cause the drive to set bsy, enter the idle (read) mode, clear bsy, and generate an interrupt. initialize drive parameters (91h) this command will enable the host to set the number of sectors per track and the number of heads per cylinder. nop (00h) this command is mandatory for devices that im plement the packet and tcq feature sets. the device will respond with command aborted. for devic es that implement the tcq feature set, the subcommand 00h in the feature field shall abort any outstanding queue. subcommand codes 01h through ffh in the feature field shall not affect the status of any outstanding queue. read buffer (e4h) this command is optional for devices that do not implement the packet feature set. the command will enable the host to read a 512-byte block of data. the write buffer (e8h) command should precede the read buffer (e4h) command, lest the data returned be indeterminate. read dma (c8h) this command is mandatory for devices that do not implement the packet feature set. the command will allow the host to read data using the dma data transfer protocol. read dma ext (25h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command will allow the host to read data usi ng the dma data transfer protocol.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 25 read dma queued (c7h) this command is mandatory for devices that implem ent the tcq feature set. the command is similar in function to the read dma (c8h) command. the device may release or execute the data transfer without performing a release if the data is ready to transfer. read dma queued ext (26h) this command is mandatory for devices that implement the tcq and 48-bit feature sets. the command is similar in function to the read dma (c8h) command. the device may release or execute the data transfer without performing a release if the data is ready to transfer. read multiple (c4h) this command is similar to the read sectors(s) - 20h command. interrupts are not generated on each sector, but on the transfer of a block that contains the number of sectors as defined by a set multiple mode - c6h command. read multiple extended (29h) this command is mandatory for all devices that implement the 48-bit address feature set. the command will read the number of logical sectors spec ified in the count field. the number of logical sectors determines the drq data block count, whic h in turn will determine the number of logical sectors that are to be transferred. read sector(s) (20h) this command will read from 1 to 256 sectors as s pecified in the sector count register. a sector count of 0 (zero) requests 256 sect ors. the transfer will begin at the sector specified in the sector number register. read sector(s) extended (24h) this command is mandatory for devices that im plement the 48-bit address feature set. this command will read from 1 to 256 to 65,536 logical sect ors as specified in the sector count register. a sector count of 0 (zero) will request 65,536 logica l sectors. the transfer will begin at the sector specified in the lba field. read/verify sector(s) (40h) this command will verify one or more sectors by transferring data from the flash media to the data buffer and verifying that the ecc is correct. the command is identical to the read sector(s) - 20h command, except that drq is never se t and no data is transferred to the host. read/verify extended (42h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command is identical to the read sector(s) extended (24) co mmand, except that no data is transferred from the device to the host. the device will read the data st ored in the media and verify that no errors exist.
26 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive recalibrate (10h) the ssd performs only the interface timing and regi ster operations. when this command is issued, the ssd sets bsy and waits for an appropriate length of time, after which it clears bsy and issues an interrupt. when this command ends normally, the ssd is initialized. security disable password (f6h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the security mode feature set. the command will transfer 512 bytes of predefined data from t he host. if the password selected by word 0 matches the password that was previously saved by the device, the device shall disable lock mode. the command will not change the master password. the master password is r eactivated when a user password is set. the command will onl y complete successfully if the device is in unlocked mode. security erase prepare (f3h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the security mode feature set. the command is issued immediately before the security eras e unit (f4h) command to enable device erasing and unlocking. the command prevents acci dental loss of data on the device. security erase unit (f4h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the security mode feature set. the command will transfer 512 bytes of predefined data from t he host. if the password does not match the password previously saved by the device, the device s hall reject the command and abort it. when a normal erase mode is specified, the secu rity erase unit command shall writ e binary zeros to all user data areas. if the optional enhanced erase mode is spec ified, the device shall write predetermined data patterns to all user data areas; the current data is ov erwritten, including sectors that are no longer in use due to reallocation. security freeze lock (f5h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the security mode feature set. the command shall set the device to frozen mode. other co mmands that update the device lock mode are aborted. frozen mode can be disabled by a power-off or har dware reset. if the command is issued while the device is in frozen mode, the command is exec uted and the device will remain in frozen mode. security set password (f1h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the security mode feature set. the command will transfer 512 bytes of predefined data from t he host. the data controls the function of this command, which in turn defines the interaction of the identifier and security level bits. the user can in turn set the master or user passwords, and the security level of the device. security unlock (f2h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the security mode feature set. the command will transfer 512 bytes of predefined data from t he host. the data controls the function of this command, which in turn defines the interaction of the identifier bit. if the identifier bit is set to master
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 27 and the current security level is high, the passwor d is compared with the stored master password. if the device is in maximum security level then the unlo ck shall be rejected. if the identifier bit is set to user, then the device shall compare the supplied password with the stored user password. if the password comparison fails, the device shall abort the command and report a decrease in the incremental value in the unlock counter. seek (70h, 7fh) this command is effectively a nop command to the ssd although it does perform a range check. set features (efh) this command is used by the host to establish or se lect certain features supported by the drive. when the ssd receives this command, it sets bsy, che cks the contents of the f eatures regi ster, applies changes as necessary, clears bsy and generates an in terrupt. if the value in the register does not represent a feature supported by the drive, the command is canceled with the abort error condition. set multiple mode (c6h) this command enables the ssd to perform multip le read and write operations and establishes the block count for these commands. set sleep mode (99h or e6h) this is the only command that allows the host to configure the drive for sleep mode. when the drive is set to sleep mode, the ssd clears the bsy li ne and issues an interrupt. the card enters sleep mode and the hardware or software must be reset to activate the drive. sleep (e6h) this command is mandatory for devices that implement the power management feature set. the command will cause the device to enter sleep mode. the device w ill not power-on in sleep mode nor remain in sleep mode following a reset sequenc e. the method used to deactivate sleep mode is transport specific. the power management featur e set is mandatory for devices that do not implement the packet command set. this comm and is mandatory when power management is not implemented by the packet command set device. smart (b0h) see smart support . standby (96h or e2h) this command will configure the driv e for standby mode. if the sector count register is a value other than 0h, an auto power down is enabled and when the dr ive returns to idle mode, the timer starts a countdown. the time is set in the sector count register.
28 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive standby immediate (94h or e0h) this command will cause the ssd to set bys, ent er the standby mode, clear bsy, and return the interrupt immediately. write buffer (e8h) this command is optional for devic es that implement the general feature set. this command allows the host to write the contents of one 512-byte block of data in the in the buffer of the device. write dma (cah) this command is mandatory for devices that im plement the general feature set. the command allows the host to write data usi ng the dma data transfer protocol. write dma ext (35h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command allows the host to write data usi ng the dma data transfer protocol. write dma fua ext (3dh) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command provides the same function as write dma extended (35h) regardless of whether write caching is enabled. the user data is written to the media before ending status for the command is reported. write dma queued (cch) this command is mandatory for devices that implem ent the tcq feature set. the command is similar to the write dma (cah) command. the device ma y perform a release or may execute the data transfer without performing a release if the data is ready to transfer. if the device performs a release, the host should reselect the device using the ser vice command. once the data transfer has begun, the device shall not perform a release unt il the entire data transfer is complete. write dma queued ext (38h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the tcq and 48-bit address feature sets. the command is similar to write dma extended ( 35h). the device may perform a release or may execute the data transfer without performing a releas e if the data is ready to transfer. if the device performs a release, the host should reselect the device using the service command. once the data transfer has begun, the device shall not perform a re lease until the entire data transfer is complete. write dma queued fua ext (3eh) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the tcq and 48-bit address feature sets. the command is similar to the write dma ext ended (35h) command. the device may perform a release or may execute the data trans fer without performing a release if the data is ready to transfer. if the device performs a release, the host should re select the device using the service command. the device does not perform a release once the data transfer has begun and has been completed.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 29 write multiple (c5h) this command is similar to the write sector(s) - 30h command. interrupts are not presented on each sector, but on the transfer of a block which contains the number of sectors defined by the set multiple mode - c6h command. write multiple ext (39h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command will write the number of logical sectors specified in the count field. the command is similar to write sector(s) (30h). interrupts are not presented on each se ctor, but on the transfer of blocks that contain the number of sectors defined by lba mode. write multiple fua ext (ceh) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command has the same functionality of write multiple ext (39h) , except that regardless of whether write caching is enabled, the user data is written to the medi a before the ending status of the command is reported. write sector(s) (30h) this command will write from 1 to 256 sectors as specified in the sector count register. a sector count of 0 (zero) will request 256 sectors. the transfer begins at the sector specified in the sector number register. write sector(s) ext (34h) this command is mandatory for devices that impl ement the 48-bit address feature set. the command will write 1 to 65,536 logical sectors as specified in the sector count register. a sector count value of 0 will request 65,536 logical sectors.
30 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive smart support smart is an acronym for self-monitoring, anal ysis and reporting technol ogy. the smart feature set protects the user from unsc heduled downtime by monitoring and st oring critical drive performance and calibration parameters. smart f eature set devices attempt to predict the occurrence of near- term degradation or fault conditions. the host system is warned of a negative reliability condition, which in turn warns the user of the impending risk of data loss. the user can then take appropriate action to minimize the risk. support for the smart feature set is indicated by the identify command response: smart commands table 9 lists the smart commands that are identified by the value placed in the feature register. table 9. smart command values word 82 bit 0 the smart feature set is supported. this information is set during the drive initialization sequence. word 85 bit 0 the smart feature set has been enabled via the smart enable operations command. the information is dynamic; the smart enable operations command and smart disable operations command are invoked. the most current setting must be reflected in the output of the identify device command. smart operations are enabled by default. value command note 00h-cfh reserved rsvd d0h smart read data optional d1h obsolete obs d2h smart enable/disable attribute autosave mandatory d3h obsolete obs d4h smart execute off-line immediate optional d5h smart read log optional d6h smart write log optional d7h obsolete obs d8h smart enable operations mandatory d9h smart disable operations mandatory dah smart return status mandatory dbh obsolete obs dch-dfh reserved rsvd e0h-ffh vendor-specific vsc
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 31 smart attributes table 10 lists the smart attributes that are supported. table 10. supported smart attributes identify response information the identify response command enables the host to receive parameter information from the ssd. when the identify response command executes, the ssd sets the bsy bit, prepares to transfer the 256 words of ssd identification data to the hos t, sets the drq bit, clears the bsy bit, and then generates an interrupt. the host can then transfe r the data by reading the data register. reserved bits or words are all zero . table 11 contains typical identify response information for the ssd. id name description 1 raw read error frequency of errors while reading raw data from a disk. 9 power on hours number of hours elapsed in the power-on state. 12 power cycle number of power-on events. 187 reported uncorrectable errors the number of uncorrectable errors reported at the interface. 194 temperature temperature of base casting. 195 ecc on-the-fly number of ecc on-the-fly errors. 196 offline reallocation event total number of sectors remapped. 197 pending defects number of sectors currently suspected in need of remapping. 198 offline surface scan number of uncorrected errors that occurred during offline scan. 199 udma crc error (pata only) number of crc errors during udma mode. identify response information key f content of the word is fixed and does not change. for removable media devices, these values may c hange when the media is removed or changed. v content of the word is variable and may change depending on the state of the device or the commands executed by the device. x content of the word is vendor-specific and may be fixed or variable. r content of the word is reserved and shall be 0 (zero).
32 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive table 11. identify response information word f/v description 0 general configuration bit-significant information (value fixed by cfa) f 15 0 = ata device f 41:8 retired f 7:6 obsolete f 5:3 retired v 2 response incomplete f1 retired f0 reserved 1vobsolete 2 v specific configuration 3fobsolete 4 -5 f retired 6fobsolete 7 - 8 v reserved for assignment by the compactflash? association 9fretired 10 - 19 f serial number (20 ascii characters) 20 - 21 f retired 22 f obsolete 23 - 26 f firmware revision (8 ascii characters) 27 - 46 f model number (40 ascii characters) 47 x 15:8 80h r 7:0 00h = reserved f 01h - ffh = maximum number of sectors that shall be transferred per interrupt on read/write multiple commands 48 f trusted computing feature set options 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to zero 13:1 reserved for the trusted computing group 0 1 = trusted computing feature set is supported. 49 capabilities r 15:14 reserved for identify packet device command
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 33 f 13 1 = standby timer values as specified in this standard are supported 0 = standby timer values shall be managed by the device r 12 reserved for identify packet device command f 11 1 = iordy supported 0 = iordy may be supported f 10 1 = iordy may be disabled r 9 1 = lba supported r 8 1 = dma supported x 7:0 retired 50 f capabilities 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 :2 reserved 1 obsolete 0 shall be set to one to indicate a device-specific standby timer value minimum 51 - 52 f obsolete 53 r 15:8 reserved for e06144 f7:3reserved 2 1 = the fields reported in word 88 are valid f 0 = the fields reported in word 88 are invalid 1 1 = the fields reported in words 70:64 are valid v 0 = the fields reported in words 70:64 are invalid 0 obsolete 54 - 58 x obsolete 59 r 15:9 reserved v 8 1 = multiple sector setting is valid 7:0 xxh = current setting for number of sectors that shall be transferred per interrupt on read/write multiple command 60 - 61 f total number of user-addressable sectors (lba mode only) 62 f obsolete 63 r 15:11 reserved v 10 1 = multiword dma mode 2 is selected 0 = multiword dma mode 2 is not selected v 9 1 = multiword dma mode 1 is selected
34 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 0 = multiword dma mode 1 is not selected v 8 1 = multiword dma mode 0 is selected 0 = multiword dma mode 0 is not selected r7:3reserved f 2 1 = multiword dma mode 2 and below are supported f 1 1 = multiword dma mode 1 and below are supported f 0 1 = multiword dma mode 0 is supported 64 15:8 reserved f 7:0 pio modes supported 65 minimum multiword dma transfer cycle per word f 15:0 cycle time in nanoseconds 66 manufacturer?s recommended multi-word dma transfer cycle f 15:0 cycle time in nanoseconds 67 minimum pio transfer cycle time without flow control f 15:0 cycle time in nanoseconds 68 minimum pio transfer cycle time with iordy flow control f 15:0 cycle time in nanoseconds 69 - 70 r reserved (for future command overlap and queuing) 71 - 74 r reserved for identify packet device command 75 f queue depth 15:5 reserved 4:0 maximum queue depth - 1 76 - 79 r reserved for serial ata 80 f major revision number 0000h or ffffh = device does not report version 15:9 reserved 8 1 = supports ata8-acs 7 1 = supports ata/atapi-7 6 1 = supports ata/atapi-6 5 1 = supports ata/atapi-5 4 1 = supports ata/atapi-4 3 obsolete 2 obsolete 1 obsolete
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 35 0 reserved 81 f minor revision number 0000h or ffffh = device does not report version 0001h-ffffh = revision of ata standard guiding minor version number implementation 82 f command set supported 15 obsolete 14 1 = nop command supported 13 1 = read buffer command supported 12 1 = write buffer command supported 11 obsolete 10 1 = host protected area feature set supported 9 1 = device reset command supported 8 1 = service interrupt supported 7 1= release interrupt supported 6 1 = look ahead supported 5 1 = write cache supported 4 shall be cleared to zero to indicate that the packet feature set is not supported 3 1 = power management feature set supported (mandatory) 2 obsolete 1 1 = security mode feature set supported 0 1 = smart feature set supported 83 f command sets supported 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 1 = flush cache ext command supported 12 1 = flush cache command supported (mandatory) 11 1 = device configuration overlay feature set supported 10 1 = 48-bit address feature set supported 9 1 = automatic acoustic management feature set supported 8 1 = set max security extension supported 7 see address offset reserved area boot, incits tr27:2001 6 1 = set features subcommand required to spin-up after power-up 5 1 = power-up in standby feature set supported
36 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 4 obsolete 3 1 = advanced power management feature set supported 2 1 = cfa feature set supported 1 1 = read/write dm a queued supported 0 1 = download microcode command supported 84 f command set/feature supported extension 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 1 = idle immediate with unload feature supported 12 reserved for technical report incits tr-37-2004 (tlc) 11 reserved for technical report incits tr-37-2004 (tlc) 10:9 1 = obsolete 8 1 = 64-bit world wide name supported 7 1 = write dma queued fua ext command supported 6 1 = write dma fua ext and write multiple fua ext commands supported 5 general purpose logging feature set supported 4 1 = streaming feature set supported 3 1 = media card pass through command feature set supported 2 1 = media serial number supported 1 1 = smart self-test supported 0 1 = smart error-logging supported 85 v command set/feature enabled 15 obsolete 14 1 = nop command enabled 13 1 = read buffer command enabled 12 1 = write buffer command enabled 11 obsolete 10 1 = host protected area has been established (i.e., the maximum lba is less than the maximum native lba) 9 1 = device reset command enabled 8 1 = service interrupt enabled 7 1 = release interrupt enabled 6 1 = look ahead enabled 5 1 = write cache enabled
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 37 4 shall be cleared to zero to indicate that the packet feature is not supported. 3 1 = power management feature set enabled 2 obsolete 1 1 = security mode feature set enabled 0 1 = smart feature set enabled 86 v command set/feature enabled 15 1 = words 120:119 are valid 14 reserved 13 1 = flush cache ext command supported 12 1 = flush cache command supported 11 1= device configuration overlay supported 10 1 = 48-bit address features set supported 9 1 = automatic acoustic management feature set enabled 8 1 = set max security extens ion enabled by set max set password 7 reserved for address offset reserved area boot, incits tr27:2001 6 1 = set features subcommand required to spin-up after power-up 5 1 = power-up in standby feature set enabled 4 obsolete 3 1 = advanced power management feature set enabled 2 1 = cfa feature set supported 1 1 = read/write dma qu eued command supported 0 1 = download microcode command supported 87 v command set/feature enabled 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 1 = idle immediate with unload feature supported 12 reserved for technical report, incits tr-37-2004 (tlc) 11 reserved for technical report, incits tr-37-2004 (tlc) 10:9 obsolete 8 1 = 64-bit world wide name supported 7 1 = write dma queued fua ext command supported 6 1 = write dma fua ext and write multiple fua ext commands supported
38 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 5 1 = general purpose logging feature set supported 41 = obsolete 3 1 = media card pass through command feature set supported 2 1 = media serial number is valid 1 1 = smart self-test supported 0 1 = smart error-logging supported 88 ultra dma modes f15 reserved v 14 1 = ultra dma mode 6 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 6 is not selected v 13 1 = ultra dma mode 5 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 5 is not selected v 12 1 = ultra dma mode 4 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 4 is not selected v 11 1 = ultra dma mode 3 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 3 is not selected v 10 1 = ultra dma mode 2 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 2 is not selected v 9 1 = ultra dma mode 1 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 1 is not selected v 8 1 = ultra dma mode 0 is selected 0 = ultra dma mode 0 is not selected f7 reserved f 6 1 = ultra dma mode 6 and below are supported f 5 1 = ultra dma mode 5 and below are supported f 4 1 = ultra dma mode 4 and below are supported f 3 1 = ultra dma mode 3 and below are supported f 2 1 = ultra dma mode 2 and below are supported f 1 1 = ultra dma mode 1 and below are supported f 0 1 = ultra dma mode 0 is supported 89 f time required for security erase unit completion 90 f time required for enhanced security erase completion 91 v current advanced power management value 92 v master password identifier
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 39 93 hardware reset result. the contents of bits (12:0) of this word shall change only during the execution of a hardware reset. see 7.16.7.41 for more information. f 15 shall be cleared to zero. f 14 shall be set to one. 13 1 = device detected cblid - above v ih 0 = device detected cblid - below v il 12:8 device 1 hardware reset result. device 0 shall clear these bits to zero. device 1 shall set these bits as follows: f 12 reserved 11 0 = device 1 did not assert pdiag- 1 = device 1 asserted pdiag- 10:9 these bits indicate how device 1 determined the device number. 00 = reserved 01 = a jumper was used. 10 = the csel signal was used. 11 = some other method was used/method unknown 8 shall be set to one. 7:0 device 0 hardware reset result. device 1 shall clear these bits to zero. device 0 shall set these bits as follows: f7 reserved f 6 0 = device 0 does not respond when device 1 is selected. 1 = device 0 responds when device 1 is selected. v 5 0 = device 0 did not detect the assertion of dasp-. 1 = device 0 detected th e assertion of dasp-. v 4 0 = device 0 did not detect the assertion of pdiag-. 1 = device 0 did detect the assertion of pdiag-. v 3 0 = device 0 failed diagnostics. 1 = device 0 passed diagnostics. 2:1 these bits indicate how device 0 determined the device number. 00 = reserved 01 = a jumper was used. 10 = the csel signal was used. 11 = some other method was used/method unknown f 0 shall be set to one.
40 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 94 f 15:8 vendor?s recommended acoustic management value. 7:0 current automatic acoustic management value. 95 f stream minimum request size 96 v streaming transfer time - dma 97 v streaming access latency - dma and pio 98-99 f streaming performance granularity 100-103 v total number of user-addressable sectors for 48-bit address feature set. 104 v streaming transfer time - pio 105 f reserved 106 physical sector size/logical sector size f 15 shall be cleared to zero. f 14 shall be set to one. f 13 1 = device has multiple logical sectors per physical sector 12 1 = device logical sector is greater than 256 words. 11:4 reserved 3:0 2 x logical sectors per physical sector 107 f inter-seek delay for iso-7779 acoustic testing in microseconds 108 f 15:12 naa (3:0) 11:0 ieee oui (23:12) 109 f 15:4 iee oui (11:0) 3:0 unique id (35:32) 110 f 15:0 unique id (31:16) 111 f 15:0 unique id (15:0) 112-115 f reserved for world wide name extension to 128 bits 116 v reserved for incits tr-37-2004 117-118 f words per logical sector 119 supported settings (continued from words 84:82) f 15 shall be cleared to zero. f 14 shall be set to one f 13:6 reserved 5 reserved for e06144 f 4 1 = the segmented feature for download microcode is supported.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 41 f 3 1 = read and write dma ext gpl optional commands are supported. f 2 1 = write uncorrectable is supported f 1 1 = write-read-verify feature set is supported. f 0 reserved for dt1825 120 command set/feature enabled/supported (continued from words 87:85) f 15 shall be cleared to zero f 14 shall be set to one f 13:6 reserved 5 reserved for e06144 f 4 1 = the segmented feature for download microcode is supported. f 3 1 = read and write dma ext gpl optional commands are supported. f 2 1 = write uncorrectable is supported f 1 1 = write-read-verify feature set is enabled f 0 reserved for dt 1825 121-126 f reserved for expanded supported and enabled settings 127 obsolete 128 v security status 15: 9 reserved 8 security level: 0 = high, 1 = maximum 7: 6 reserved 5 1 = enhanced security erase supported 4 1 = security count expired 3 1 = security frozen 2 1 = security locked 1 1 = security enabled 0 1 = security supported 129 - 159 x vendor specific 160 v cfa power mode 1 15 word 160 supported 14 reserved 13 cfa power mode 1 is required for one or more commands implemented by the device
42 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 12 cfa power mode 1 disabled 11:0 maximum current in ma 161 - 175 r reserved for assignment by the compactflash? association 176 - 205 v current media serial number (60 ascii characters) 206 sct command transport 15:12 vendor specific 11:6 reserved f 5 sct command transport data tables supported f 4 sct command transport features control supported f 3 sct command transport error recovery control supported f 2 sct command transport write same supported f 1 sct command transport long sector access supported f 0 sct command transport supported 207 - 208 f reserved for ce-ata 209 f alignment of logical blocks within a larger physical block 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13:0 ?logical sector? offset within the first physical sector where the first logical sector is placed. 210 - 211 v write-read-verify sector count mode 3 only 212 - 213 f verify sector count mode 2 only 214 nv cache capabilities f 15:12 nv cache feature set version f 11:8 nc cache power mode feature set version 7:5 reserved 4 1 = nv cache feature set enabled 3:1 reserved 0 1 = nv cache power mode feature set enabled 215 v nv cache size in logical blocks (lsw) 216 v nv cache size in logical blocks (msw) 217 v nv cache read transfer speed in mb/s 218 v nv cache write transfer speed in mb/s 219 nv cache options 15:8 reserved f 7:0 device estimated time to spin up in seconds
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 43 220 15:8 reserved v 7:0 write-read-verify feature set current mode 221 reserved 222 f transport major revision number. 0000h or ffffh = device does not report version. 15:12 transport type - 0 = parallel, 1 = serial, 2-15 = reserved parallel 11:4 reserved 3 reserved 2 reserved 1 reserved 0 ata8-apt serial 11:4 reserved 3 sata rev 2.5 2 sata ii: extensions 1 sata 1.0a 0 ata8-ast 223 f transport minor revision number 224 - 233 f reserved for ce-ata 234 f minimum number of 512 byte units per download microcode command mode 3 235 f maximum number of 512 byte un its per download microcode command mode 3 236 - 254 reserved 255 x integrity word 15:8 checksum 7:0 signature
44 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive vendor-specific ata commands as with standard ata commands, the software requi rements and syntax of the vendor-specific ata commands the host issues to the zeus ssd are i ssued to the ata by loadi ng the required registers in the command block with supplied parameters, and then writing the command code to the register. for additional information on proprietary stec at a commands, contact your stec representative. the contact information is found under contact and ordering information . sanitize erase/fill zeus ssds offer optional destructive and non-destr uctive sanitization (purge) features. non- destructive security erase removes the data from t he drive, then overwrites (fills) each addressable block of memory with a predetermined pattern, as spec ified by the sanitization specification, such as dod 5220.22m, to which the ssd complies. the destructive security erase feature removes t he data, and then destroys the flash media, making the ssd totally unusable and data retrieval impossibl e. the non-destructive and destructive security erase algorithms monitor and confirm co mpletion of the sanitization process. in the event of a power loss, the status of t he executing purge is main tained and the purge process is restarted on the next power-up automatically. while a purge command is being executed, the interf ace is ignored and any attempt to reset the drive (hard or soft) will fail. both security erase features support low po wer and fast erase options. the low power option accesses each addressable memory block sequentiall y to conserve power. the fast erase option accesses all addressable blo cks simultaneously, forgoing power conservation for speed.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 45 sanitization standards zeus sata ssds comply with the s anitization requirements described in table 12 . table 12. sanitize standards compliance specification document description/comment usa dod 5220.22-m national industrial security program, operation manual (nisom), january 1995. specifies the sanitization process for various media types in order to be considered declassified. nsa 130-2 media declassification and de struction manual, november 2000. specifies the sanitization procedure for semiconductor memory devices. ar 380-19 information systems security (iss), march 27, 1998. provides the security requirements for systems processing special access program (sap) information and describes the iss policy as it applies to security in hardware, software procedures, telecommunication, personal use, physical environment, networks and firmware. section vii, automated information system media, section 2-20, describes cleaning, purging, declassifying and destroying media. appendix f- 2 describes how to sanitize flash memory. afssi 5020 usa air force system securi ty, instruction (afssi) 5020, 10, august 1996. specifies the sanitization procedure for confidential media. chapter 5, semiconductor devices, describes the security procedure for all types of semiconductor media. paragraph 5.3 describes the procedure for sanitizing flash memory. navso p-5239-26 information systems security (infosec) program guidelines. provides policy, guidelines, and procedures for clearing and purging computer system memory and other storage media for release outside of and for reuse within controlled environments. it per tains to both classified and sensitive unclassified information. implements dod 5200.28-m and csc-std-005-85. chapter 3 describes the cleaning and purging of data storage media.
46 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive p hysical c haracteristics general physical characteristics materials all acceptable enclosure materials are hb rated or higher if approved by the safety agencies (ul, csa, tuv, etc.). all printed circuit boards shall have a flammability rating of ul94v-0. drive assembly weight the weight of a ssd varies according to the specif ic set of design characteristics of the drive. a standard 2.5-inch ssd with a capacity of 16gb weighs less than 100 grams. the following characteristics must be taken into considerat ion to determine the exact weight of a drive: ? storage capacity ? ic stacking technology (if used) ? flash controller/memory configuration ? form factor storage capacities table 13 lists of the available capacities of the zeus sata ssds and the corresponding lba (logical bit addressing) and chs (cylinder, head, sector) information. the chs capacity is expressed as user-addressable lba sectors . the extended use of the device shall not reduce the lba count. the lba count will remain constant over the life of the ssd. table 13. zeus ssd capacities logical bit addressing (lba data) cylinder, head, sector (chs) data capacity (gb) (unformatted) user-addressable lba sectors chs capacity logical cylinders logical heads logical sectors 8 16,090,112 16,089,696 15,962 16 63 12 24,208,176 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 16 32,196,608 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 24 48,302,080 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 32 64,408,576 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 48 97,018,016 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 64 121,717,680 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 96 182,378,848 16,514,064 16,383 16 63 128 243,435,360 16,514,064 16,383 16 63
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 47 exterior dimensions the internal components are housed in precis ion machined aluminum alloy enclosures. table 14 lists the exterior dimensions of the 2.5-inch form fact or drive. the 2.5-inch drive assembly and overall dimensions are illustrated in figure 4 . table 14. 2.5 drive assembly dimensions figure 4. zeus 2.5-inch ssd assembly dimensions dimension inches (millimeters) height 0.374 inches (9.5mm) width 2.76 inches (69.8mm) length (maximum) 3.94 inches (100.2mm)
48 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive sata connector location figure 5 illustrates the relative location of the sata connector on the ssd. figure 5. sata connector location
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 49 e nvironmental c haracteristics overview the ssds are subjected to a series of environmental tests to validate the portability and suitability of the drives for operation in harsh and mobile condi tions. the ssds operate without degradation within the ambient temperature, relative humidity and alti tude ranges as specified in the following sections. operating temperatures the ssds (all models) operate without degradation wi thin the ambient temperature ranges specified in table 15 . table 15. operating temperatures operating requirements note : for the operating requirements, the ambient air temperature is that of the inlet air for the equipment. see table 16 . table 16. non-operating conditions centigrade ( o c) fahrenheit ( o f) operating temperature minimum maximum minimum maximum commercial 0 70 32 158 industrial -40 85 -40 185 operating requirement case temperature -55 o c to 95 o c maximum temperature gradient 30 o c/h short duration temperature 82 o c for 2h relative humidity (non-condensing) 10% to 90% maximum wet bulb temperature 20 o c
50 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive non-operating requirements note : non-operating requirements include shipment and storage environments. see table 17 . table 17. non-operating conditions relative humidity table 18 lists the operating and non-operating rela tive humidity criteria for the ssd. table 18. relative humidity operating criteria altitude parameters operating and non-operating altitude paramet ers for the zeus ssd are the same. see table 19 for the altitude limits. altitude is referenc ed to sea level on a standard day at 19.8 o c (58.64 o f). table 19. operating and non-operating altitudes non-operating requirement temperature range -55 o c to 95 o c maximum temperature gradient 30 o c/h short duration temperature 82 o c for 2h relative humidity (non-condensing) 5% to 95% maximum wet bulb temperature 38 o c maximum relative humidity gradient 20%/h operating criteria relative humidity range (non-condensing) 5% to 95% maximum wet bulb temperature 29 o c maximum relative humidity gradient 20%/h non-operating criteria relative humidity range (non-condensing) 5% to 95% maximum wet bulb temperature 38 o c maximum relative humidity gradient 20%/h altitude parameter range low altitude limit -304.80m (-1,000 ft.) high altitude limit 24,384m (80,000 ft.)
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 51 restriction of ha zardous materials stec inc. has adopted the rohs directive, also k nown as the restriction of hazardous substances directive. zeus ssds are compliant with the eu ropean parliament and council directive, i.e., assembled with pb-free or lead-free components. shock and vibration this section specifies the capability of the dev ice to withstand shock and vibration. shock and vibration are specified on the drive chassis. re sonance may occur if the drive is placed in an enclosure. it is the responsibility of the user to design the mounting such that the drive movement is within the specified ranges despite resonance. failure criteria test failures are defined as: ? any single hard error (unrecoverable error) ? damage that renders a product inoperable ? failure meet perform ance specifications random vibration for random vibration, the drives w ill perform without any errors after being tested at 15 min/axis on three axes (x, y and z). during the operational vibr ation, the drive will be performing continuous reads. the ssd also adheres to 16.3g rms per mil-std-810f (random, 20 hz to 2,000 hz; 3 vibration axes). vibration levels are listed in table 20 . in addition to the previously mentioned failure criteria, during the operating random vibration, the tr ansfer rate of the drive should not degrade by more than 10%. table 20. random vibration levels shock the ssd is shock-tested in accordance with mil- std-810f and will operate as specified, without degradation, when subjected to the following conditions outlined in table 21 . table 21. shock test results parameter value condition operating vibration 16.3 g, rms, 20hz, 1 hour duration, 3 axes test condition result three 50g shocks (peak value, 11ms duration, half-sine waveform) along the x, y and z axis. 1,500g operating shock
52 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive drop testing the ssd will withstand three (3) drops on a concrete floor from 1.524m (60 inches) on each of six (6) axes, +/-x, +/-y, and +/-z, without any damage when packaged. conformal coating as an option, the user can choose to have the fa ctory apply a conformal coating to the electronic circuitry of the zeus ssd to further protec t against moisture, dust, chemicals and temperature extremes. the material coating ma y actually reduce the effects of mechanical stress and vibration on the circuitry. the coating material should ac hieve an approximate thickness of between 50 and 100 micrometers after curing. a thicker coating may be required when liquid water is present due to microscopic pinhole formation when the coating material thins on the sharp edges of components. enough material is applied to complete cover the com ponents to a depth equal to or greater than the highest metallic conductor on the pcb. the conformal coating physical characteristics me et ipc-cc-830 regulations for the qualification and performance of electrical insulating compounds fo r printed wiring assemb lies. the workmanship standard is in accordance with ipc-a610, section 10.5.2. the humiseal 1b31 acrylic or equivalent coating is applied to both sides of the pcb, and masks the connector body and pins of the connectors, and some component topsides.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 53 i nstallation system requirements sata connections the ssds can be installed in any operating system environment that supports sata 1.0 or greater devices (the ssds are compliant to sata 2 standards). if the system fails to recognize the drive, make sure the most recent drivers for the host adapter are installed. if the drive is connected to the motherboard, the drivers are provided by the mot herboard manufacturer. if the drive is connected to a pci card, contact the pci card manufacturer. changes to the operating system are not required: the ssds support all ata and atapi devices, in cluding cds, dvds, tape devices, high-capacity removable devices, zip drives, and cdrws. make sure you have the following before installing the zeus sata ssd: ? phillips screwdriver ? six m3 unc machine screws ? sata interface cable (1 mete r (39 inches) maximum length) ? sata-compatible power cable or adapter ? operating system ? computer with serial ata connector on motherboard or installed sata host adapter ? available 5v power source drive configuration serial ata drives do not support primary/sec ondary device negotiation. each sata drive requires a separate cable that connects directly to a sa ta host adapter or sata port on the motherboard of the host. since most motherboards with serial ata connectors do not allow bios adjustments, changes are not typically required to add a sata drive. however, if r eplacing the boot drive, it may be necessary to change the boot order in the bios so that the computer boots from the serial ata controller. the ssd operates as a single conf iguration mode (primary/device 0 mode) device. sata drives can be used in the same system with pata drives provided that both interfaces are supported on the motherboard or with a host adapter. this makes it easy to add sata compatibility to an existing system without having to remove any existing pata disk drives. there is a risk of electrocution! use extreme caution when handling the solid state drive and while connecting it to a power source. observe all applicable electrical safety rules while installing the solid state drive. make sure to read and thoroughly understand this section before attempting to install the drive.
54 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive connector requirements table 22 lists the recommended connectors that should be used with the zeus ssd. the drive side connector is manufactured by molex, part number 87679-0003. for the host receptacle, the molex 87678-0001 or equivalent (serial ata receptacle, vert ical single-in-line through hole backplane) is recommended. table 22. recommended fpc mating specifications drive side connector manufacturer molex part number 87679-0003 mating fpc recommended specifications width 20.50mm +/-0.7mm (0.807 in +/-0.02) thickness 0.3mm +/-0.5mm (0.01 in +/-0.001) length 90mm max (3.54 in max) impedance 50 ohm typical plating gold over nickel adhesive heat hardened durability 50 cycles, internal cabled applications 500 cycles, backplane/blindmate applications operating temperature -40 o c to +85 o c
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 55 drive orientation the ssd can be installed in any number of orientat ions within the enclosure. the drive will operate and meet all the requirements as outlined in this spec ification regardless of the mounting orientation. see figure 6 . figure 6. possible drive orientations
56 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive primary heat generation area figure 7 indicates the approximate location of the pr imary heat generation area on the underside of the ssd. see cooling requirements . figure 7. primary heat generation area exercise caution when handling the drive after extended operation. the h eat generated by the internal circuitry can be substantial.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 57 cooling requirements if necessary to maintain the required operating te mperature range, the host enclosure may remove heat by conduction, convection, or other forced air flow. four suggested air flow patterns are shown in figure 8 . figure 8. suggested air flow patterns for cooling
58 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive installation dimensions figure 9 shows the exterior dimensions of the 2.5-inch form factor with the relative locations of the mounting holes. the units are in inches (millimeters). figure 9. exterior mounting dimensions
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 59 mounting requirements figure 10 shows the mounting hole requirements for the 2. 5-inch form factor ssd. careful attention should be made to the length of the mounting screws and the recommended torque to prevent damage to the enclosure. figure 10. mounting hole requirements
60 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive drive installation to install the zeus sata ssd in a per sonal computer (pc) or host system: 1 power down the computer and remove the access cover. 2 position the ssd in an available drive bay or choose a suitable mounting loca- tion. 3 connect one end of an sata cable to the ssd and the other end of the cable to the sata adapter on the host. the connector on the drive is keyed to ensure that the signal and power connections to the drive are correctly oriented. 4 secure the ssd within the drive bay or to the mounting surface using m3 unc machine screws. apply sufficient torque to ensure that the drive is secure. note : be aware of the depth of the drive? s mounting holes. the maximum penetration depth of the drive?s mounting holes is indicated in figure 10 . you may mount the drive using the side or top mounting holes. it is recommended that you secure the drive with at least four screws. to avoid damaging t he drive, consider the thickness of the mounting surface when deciding the screw length to use. 5 replace the access cover and power on the computer. grounding requirements no special grounding circuitry is required. pins s1, s4 and s7, se rve as ground signals on the signal segment, and pins p4, p5, p6, p10 and p12 serve as ground signals on the power segment of the sata connector configuration. the signal and c hassis grounds are not connected together in the drive. the user should provide maximum surfac e contact area when connecting the drive to the chassis ground to ensure minimal electromagnetic (em) emissions. electrostatic discharge or esd can seriously damage the electronic components of the host system and solid state drive. it is very important to discharge any static electricity before you begin the installation procedure. you can touch an unpainted, grounded metallic surface to discharge any static charges that may be present on your body or clothing. as an alternative, you can also use an esd protective wrist strap. you can minimize the possibility of damage due to esd by avoiding physical contact with the electronic components.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 61 operating system specifications the ssds are compatible with microsoft windows? and alternative operating systems. the ssds are low-level formatted at the factory. ho wever, the ssds must be partitioned and high-level formatted. the ssds can be formatted as boot driv es or data storage drives using any standard disk partitioning and formatting utility. microsoft os compatibility the ssds are fully compatible with the followi ng microsoft operating systems, using the native drivers supplied with the os: ? windows 2000, service packs 2, 3 and 4 ? windows 2000 server, advanced server ? windows xp home and windows xp professional, service packs 1 and 2 ? windows xp, 64-bit extended ? windows 2003 standard, enterprise, 64-bit, w eb, datacenter, small business server ? ms-dos ? windows pre-boot environment (winpe) the drives are compatible with the current vers ion of the ms-dos real -mode drivers bundled with any of the microsoft operating systems for reading files from optical media. alternative operating systems the drives are fully compatible with the following operating systems, using t he native drivers supplied with the os: ? red hat linux 2.1 ? red hat linux 3.0 ? drmk (dell real-mode kernel) dos system post, boot and resume times the drive?s effect on the time required for the system to post, boot and resume under microsoft windows xp is minimized. device implementation w ill target minimum impact to such. the drives also comply with the microsoft fast boot/fast resume requirement, which is <= 2.5 s for resume from standby (s3), <= 20 s for resume from hibernate (s4). nand flash support the device will support multiple mutually agr eed upon and approved nand flash memory vendors prior to release to manufacturing for proposed c apacities in the design without changes to the hardware or firmware. stec develops firmware to support a wide range of na nd flash versions and vendors. please contact stec for a li st of supported flash and flash vendors. diagnostic software the computer or system manufacturer is responsible for providing any diagnostic software or utilities.
62 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive r egulatory c ompliance marking, approvals and supporting documentation the ssd may have the following marks, approvals and documentation as outlined in table 23 . table 23. regulatory marks and documentation mark/approval documentation mark ul electrical equipment sold in the un ited states of america shall comply with the requirements of ul 1950 or other applicable ul standard and be marked (ul or other nrtl marking) accordingly. stec will provide the declaration of conformity (doc). ul notice of acceptance letter (with corresponding file num ber) indicating complian ce with ul 60950-1. yes ce electrical equipment sold in the european economic area (eea) will comply with the requirements of can/csa-c22.2 no. 60950-1-03 and have the ce mark accordingly. yes csa (or ulc) electrical equipment sold in canada w ill comply with the requirements of can/csa-c22.2 no. 959-m98 or other applicable canadian standards association standard and be marked (csa, cul) accordingly. yes eu in the european community (european union or eu), information technology equipment (ite) is governed within the ec (eu) by directive 73/23/ecc (?low voltage directive?) for product safety and 89/336/eec - harmonized standards ("emc directive") en55022, 1998 and en55024, 1998 for emissions and immunity, and all applicable amendments. ec (eu) members are bound by it s requirements. equipment may demonstrate compliance with the di rective by being approved to a recognized standard by an ec (eu) recognized agency such as tuv or vde and a signed declaration of conformity, plus the ce mark on the device. yes tuv/semko/ul/etc. germany, being part of the ec, is bound by the low voltage and emc directive. in addition, germany?s equipment safety law requires that equipment will be ?... in accordance with the generally recognized rules of technology and the work safety and accident prevention regulations...? equipment may demonstrate compliance with the directive by being approved to a recognized standard by an ec (eu) recognized agency such as tuv or vde. no stec will provide cb certificate and test report with the supporting type certificate (e.g., tuv certificate, from the agency that approved the cb test report) mic (korea) certificate (with certification number) yes bsmi (taiwan) certificate (with corresponding applicant code number) yes vcci (japan) certificate or declaration of conformity. self declaration that the product has been evaluated in a vcci compliant lab is sufficient. yes c-tick (australia) declaration of conformity (doc) (with supplier code number) and a letter of authorization from supp lier giving dell permission to import and sell the product in australia using stec?s c-tick. no fcc declaration of conformity yes
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 63 cb certificate and cb report stec inc. will provide a complete cb report. these documents will include the current and voltage ratings, and prove compliance with the currently applicable versions of iec 60950-1:2001, safety of information technology equipment, including all nati onal deviations. stec inc. will also provide the emc test repor t indicating compliance with the currently applicable versions of: ? en-55022:1998 (emissions) ? en-55024:1998 (immunity) ? fcc 47cfr part 15 class b declaration of conformity the declaration of conformity (d oc) will contain the following: ? product type and model number ? marks and countries (e.g. ce, fcc, c-tick) ? the appropriate technical statement(s) requi red by the respective regulatory agencies ? stec name and address ? stec signature ? list of all applicable standards to which the drive conforms
64 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive radio frequency emissions the ssd has passed radiated emissi ons testing (10 meter chamber) with a minimum margin of 4db below the en55022 radiated emissions limits in all applicable cust omer platforms, without any required changes to the system platforms. emissions testing in a 3 meter chamber for over 1ghz per the fcc limit for class b was performed up to 2ghz with the -4db margin relative to the fcc class b limit. in preparation for the new cispr 22 standard change t hat may go into effect in the year 2007, the drives will pass emi tests up to the higher frequency of either 6ghz or the fi fth harmonic of the highest signal on the drive. this requirement is applicable to all products being qualified after this version is released.the specificati on limits are listed in table 24 . table 24. emi specification limits radio frequency immunity requirements this specification is targeted as part of the des ign for quality and reliability expectations and is not part of the regulatory requirements. the ssds meet the following radio frequency immunity requirements: ? 3 v/m over frequency range of 80 mhz to 1 ghz ? the signal will be amplitude modulated with a 1khz sine wave to a depth of 80% ? failure criteria: more than 10% throughput degradation emi test site correlation stec will only use emi test sites that are currently co rrelated with the customer?s test facilities. stec will contact the customer?s engineering staff for the list of approved laboratories. verification samples stec will submit the three worst- case drives used to obtain the emissions test data previously obtained from the customer?s test facilities for ve rification testing. the r egulator engineer will use these drive samples, and others among those submitted for qualification, for emissions verification in the customer?s systems. verification testing verification testing will be performed by t he customer?s compliance peripheral group. class b 1 to 3 ghz is 50db (uv/m) @ 3 m class b 3 to 6 ghz is 54db (uv/m) @ 3 m
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 65 electrostatic discharge (esd) the ssd will meet the esd limits specified in the 61000-4-2 guidelines and the customer?s enhanced esd procedure. the specification will determine whether the contac t or air discharge method should be used. performance degradation is defined as a decreased throughput rate. no data errors are allowed. table 25 lists the esd requirements. table 25. esd requirements acceptance criteria definitions the following table lists the acceptance cr iteria definitions for the esd limits. table 26. acceptance criteria definitions climatic conditions ambient temperature 15 o c to 35 o c relative humidity 30% to 60% atmospheric pressure 86kpa (860 millibar) to 106 kpa (1,060 millibar) voltage level discharge type pass/fail performance criteria +/-2 kv contact a +/-4 kv contact b +/- 6 kv contact b +/-8 kv contact c +/--2 kv air a +/-4 kv air a +/-8 kv air b +/-12 kv air b +/-15 kv air c a the apparatus will continue to operate as intended, i.e., normal unit operation with no degradation of performance. b the apparatus will continue to operate as intended after completion of the test. however, during the test, some degradation of performance is allowed provided there is no data loss or operator intervention to restore apparatus function. c temporary loss of function is allowed. operator intervention is acceptable to restore apparatus function. note : hardware failures are not acceptable for any level of the above performance criteria.
66 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive c ontact and o rdering i nformation contact information for more information on zeus solid state dr ives, contact the solid state drive team. ordering information telephone: 800-796-4645 (toll free; us and canada only) all others: +1-949-260-8345 fax: +1-949-417-1335 e-mail: ssd@stec-inc.com part number description z ## s 2 ## (t) (u) (c)(z)(p)(m) (xxx) (example: z4s216c4ba) customer identifier optional features contact stec rohs compliance u = lead-free product blank = non-compliant temperature c = commercial i = industrial capacity 8gb to 128gb form factor 2 = 2.5-inch interface s = serial ata (sata) number of channels contact stec product family z = zeus
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 67 a cronyms and a bbreviations a arm (advanced risc machine) (arm, originally acorn risc machine). a series of low- cost, power-efficient 32-bit risc microprocessors for embedded control, computing, digital signal processing, games, consumer multimedia and portable applications. ata (at attachment) the ide interface is officially known as the ata specification. ata-2 (fast ata) defined the faster transfer rates used in enhanced ide (eide). ata-3 added interface improvements, including the ability to report potential problems (see s.m.a.r.t.). starting with ata-4, either the word ?ultra? or the transfer rate was added to the name in various combinations. for example, at 33 mbytes/ sec, terms such as ultra ata and ata-33 have been used. in addition, ultra ata-33, dma-33 and ultra dma-33 are also found. c cfa (computer fraud and abuse act of 1986) the cfa was a significant step forward in criminalizing unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. the act applies to ?federal interest computers? which include systems used by the u.s. government, as well as most financial institutions. the act makes unauthorized penetration or other damage to such systems a felony. chs cylinder, head, sector. a disk-drive system and method for generating logical zones that each have an approximate number of spare sectors, and that are used to translate logical block addresses. cisc (complex instruction set computer) pronounced ?sisk.? the traditional architecture of a computer that uses microcode to execute very comprehensive instructions. instructions may be variable in length and use all addressing modes, requiring complex circuitry to decode them. d dma (direct memory access ) specialized circuitry or a dedicated microprocessor that transfers data from memory to memory without using the cpu. although dma may periodically steal cycles from the cpu, data are transferred much faster than using the cpu for every byte of transfer. dod (department of defense) the military branch of the u.s. government, which is under the direction of the secretary of defense, the primary defense policy adviser to the president. dsl (digital subscriber line) a technology that dramatically increases the digital capacity of ordinary telephone lines (the local loops) into the home or office. dsl speeds are tied to the distance between the customer and the telco central office (co). dsl is geared to two types of usage. asymmetric dsl (adsl) is for internet access, where fast downstream is required, but slow upstream is acceptable. symmetric dsl (sdsl, hdsl, etc.) is designed for short haul connections that require high speed in both directions. dslam (dsl access multiplexer) a central office (co) device for adsl service that combines voice traffic and dsl traffic onto a customer's dsl line. it also separates incoming phone and data signals and directs them onto the appropriate carriers network. e edc/ecc (error detection c ode/error correction code) a memory system that tests for and corrects errors automatically, very often without the operating system being aware of it. when writing the data into memory, ecc circuitry generates checksums from the binary sequences in the bytes and stores them in an additional seven bits of memory for 32-bit data paths or eight bits for 64-bit paths. when data are retrieved from memory, the checksum is recomputed to determine if any data bits have been corrupted. such systems can typically detect and automatically correct errors of one bit per word and can detect, but not correct, errors greater than one bit.
68 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive f fpga (field programmable gate array) a type of gate array that is programmed in the field rather than in a semiconductor fabrication facility. containing up to hundreds of thousands of gates, there are a variety of fpga architectures on the market. some are very sophisticated, including not only programmable logic blocks, but programmable interconnects and switches between the blocks. the interconnects take up a lot of fpga real estate, resulting in a chip with very low gate density compared to other technologies. h hdd (hard disk drive) the primary computer storage medium, made of one or more aluminum or glass platters, coated with a ferromagnetic material. most hard disks are ?fixed disks,? which have platters that reside permanently in the drive. i i/o (input/output) transferring data between the cpu and a peripheral device. every transfer is an output from one device and an input into another. ide (integrated drive electronics) a type of hardware interface widely used to connect hard disks, cd-roms and tape drives to a pc. ide was always the more economical interface, compared to scsi. starting out with 40mb capacities years ago, 40gb ide hard disks have become entry level, costing a fraction of a cent per megabyte. io (input/output; see i/o) l lba (logical block addressing) a method used to support ide hard disks larger than 504mb (528,482,304 bytes) on pcs. lba provides the necessary address conversion in the bios to support drives up to 8gb. bios after mid-1994, which are sometimes called ?enhanced bios,? generally provide lba conversion. lba support is required for compatibility with the fat32 directory. lsb (least significant byte) ?byte? defines a sequence of 8-bits, with the right-most bit being the least significant and the left-most bit being the most- significant. lsw (least significant word) ?word? denotes sequence of 4 bytes, or 32 bits, with the left-most being the least significant, and the right-most being the most significant. ?double-word? denotes sequence of two words, or 64 bits, with the left most word being the least significant, and the right-most - the most significant. note, that the definition of ?word? defines a little-endian scheme, so for big- endian platforms, or network applications, special steps need to be taken to reorder the bytes form the input stream. m mlc (multi-level cell) a flash memory technology that stores more than one bit of data per cell. traditional flash memory defines a 0 or 1 bit according to a single voltage threshold. the patterns of two bits (0-0, 0-1, 1-0, and 1-1) can be achieved with four voltage levels and eight levels of voltage can yield all the combinations in three bits. msb (most significant) ?byte? defines a sequence of 8-bits, with the right-most bit being the least significant and the left-most bit being the most- significant. msw (most significant word) ?word? denotes sequence of 4 bytes, or 32 bits, with the left-most being the least significant, and the right-most being the most significant. ?double-word? denotes sequence of two words, or 64 bits, with the left most word being the least significant, and the right-most - the most significant. note, that the definition of ?word? defines a little-endian scheme, so for big- endian platforms, or network applications, special steps need to be taken to reorder the bytes form the input stream. n nand (not and) a boolean logic operation that is true if any single input is false. two-input nand gates are often used as the sole logic element on gate array chips, because all boolean operations can be created from nand gates. p pio (programmed input/output) the data transfer mode used by ide drives. pio modes use the cpu?s registers for data transfer in contrast with dma, which transfers directly between main memory and the peripheral device.
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 69 r risc (reduced instruction set computer) a computer architecture that reduces chip complexity by using simpler instructions. risc compilers have to generate software routines to perform complex instructions that were previously done in hardware by cisc computers. in risc, the microcode layer and associated overhead is eliminated. s sata (serial at attachment) the evolution of the ata (ide) interface that changes the physical architecture from parallel to serial and from master- slave to point-to-point. unlike parallel ata interfaces that connect two drives; one configured as master, the other as slave, each serial ata drive is connected to its own interface. slc single-level cell a flash memory technology that stores one bit of data per memory cell; supporting only two states: erased (1) or programmed (0). smart (self-monitoring analysis and reporting technology) an ?early warning system? for anticipating pending drive problems. the drive?s integrated controller works with various sensors to monitor several aspects of the drive's performance. using this status information, smart determines if the drive is behaving normally or not, and then makes the information available to software that probes the drive. ssd (solid state disk) a disk drive that uses memory chips instead of rotating platters for data storage. used in battery-powered handheld devices as well as desktop computers and servers, solid state disks (ssds) are faster than regular disks because there is zero latency (there is no read/write head to move). they are also more rugged than hard disks and offer greater protection in hostile environments. t true-ide flash memory devices (such as cf cards) have a pin that when connected to the proper voltage at power-up selects the ?true-ide? mode of operation instead of the ?pc-card-ata? mode of operation. this is the mode used in the interface. u ultra ata an enhanced version of the ide interface that transfers data at 33, 66 or 100 mbytes/sec. these enhancements are also called ?ultra dma,? ?udma,? ?ata-33,? ?ata-66,? ?ata-100,? ?dma-33,? ?dma-66? and ?dma-100.? ultra dma (see ultra ata)
70 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 71 i ndex a altitude high altitude limit .............................. 50 low altitude limit ............................... 50 ata commands ata command flow .......................... 20 overview ............................................ 20 standard ata commands ................. 21 vendor-specific ................................. 44 ata operating modes dma ................................................... 10 pio .................................................... 10 serial ata ......................................... 10 audience oems ................................................... 1 system designers ................................. 1 system engineers ................................. 1 c certification ......................................... 77 commerical standards ........................ 4 compliance bsmi (taiwan) ................................... 62 canadian (csa) ................................. 62 ce marking (ce) ................................ 62 commercial ......................................... 4 c-tick (australia) ............................. 62 european union (eu) ........................ 62 fcc ................................................... 62 mic (korea) ....................................... 62 tuv/semko/ul ................................ 62 underwriters laboratories (ul) .......... 62 vcci (japan) ..................................... 62 contact information ............................ 66 conventions caution ........................................... iii esd .................................................... iii note ................................................. iii shock hazard ............................... iii tip ...................................................... iii copyright notice ....................................ii d declaration of conformity ..................63 disclaimer of liability ............................ii e electrical specifications activity led indicator .........................13 drive power-on ready time ..............14 grounding ...........................................14 hardware purge .................................14 power consumption ...........................13 power mode at power on ..................14 power requirements ..........................13 electromagnetic compatibility ............3 electromagnetic susceptibility ............3 environmental characteristics conformal coating .............................52 non-operating ....................................50 operating temperatures ....................49 overview ............................................49 rohs directive ...................................51 errors recoverable data ...............................10 unrecoverable data ............................10 export administration regulation .......ii
72 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive f fcc .......................................................77 functional blocks nand flash memory ..........................19 sata interface block ..........................16 sata interface connector ..................16 ssd control block ..............................19 i installation diagnostic software ............................61 esd warning ......................................60 nand flash support ..........................61 operating system specifications ........61 shock hazard .....................................53 system requirements ........................53 interface specifications functional blocks ...............................16 identify drive information ....................31 ssd operation ...................................15 m military information systems security standards ...............................3 n non-operating requirements max temperature gradient .................50 max. wet bulb ....................................50 relative humidity ................................50 shipment .............................................50 short duration temp. .........................50 storage ...............................................50 temperature range ............................50 o operating requirements ambient air temperature .....................49 case temperature .............................49 max. temperature gradient ...............49 maximum wet bulb ............................49 relative humidity ...............................49 short duration temperature ...............49 operating systems drmk dos ........................................61 ms-dos .............................................61 red hat linux 2.1 ...............................61 red hat linux 3.0 ...............................61 windows 2000 ....................................61 windows 2000 server ........................61 windows 2003 ....................................61 windows xp .......................................61 windowspe ........................................61 optional features sanitization ...........................................7 smart status monitoring ....................7 order information ................................66 p performance characteristics bad-block management .......................9 data retention .....................................9 endurance ............................................9 wear-leveling algorithm ......................9 physical characteristics drive assembly weight ......................46 exterior dimensions ...........................47 materials .............................................46 sata connector location ..................48 storage capacities .............................46 power saving commands check power mode ............................14
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 73 idle ..................................................... 14 sleep ................................................. 14 standby ............................................. 14 standby immediate ............................ 14 product description data security ....................................... 8 drive capacities ................................... 8 general ................................................ 8 performance ........................................ 8 sata interface .................................... 8 purge times basic purge ....................................... 12 intelligent destructive purge .............. 12 milpurge ............................................ 12 rapidpurge ........................................ 12 r reference documents ncits 1510d ...................................... 4 ncits t13 1697d ............................... 4 ncits t13 1699d ............................... 4 regulatory compliance cb certificate ..................................... 63 cb report .......................................... 63 electrostatic discharge ...................... 65 emi test site ..................................... 64 radio frequency emissions .............. 64 radio frequency immunity ................ 64 verification samples .......................... 64 verification testing ............................ 64 relative humidity max relative humidity gradient ........ 50 maximum wet bulb temperature ...... 50 relative humidity range ................... 50 reliability "hot plugging" ....................................12 ata modes .........................................10 bulit-in self test .................................10 cache operations ..............................11 data transfer rates ...........................11 erase cycles ......................................10 error correcting code (ecc) .............10 error detection code (edc) ...............10 error rates .........................................10 mount time ........................................11 preventative maintenance ..................12 purge times .......................................12 repairs ...............................................12 seek time ..........................................11 s sanitization standards .......................45 sanitize erase/fill ...............................44 sata connector power segment ..................................17 signal segment ..................................16 scope electrical specifications ........................2 environmental characteristics ..............2 installation ............................................2 interface specifications ........................2 manual overview ..................................1 optional features .................................2 performance characteristics ................2 physical characteristics .......................2 product description ..............................2 reference documents ..........................2 regulatory compliance ........................2 standard features ................................2 standards .............................................2
74 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive shock drop test ............................................52 smart smart attributes ...............................31 smart commands ............................30 smart support .................................30 ssd control block fpga controller .................................19 nand slc flash memory ..................19 overview .............................................19 risc microcontroller ...........................19 standard ata commands check power mode ............................23 download microcode ..........................23 erase sector .......................................23 execute drive diagnostic ....................23 flush cache .......................................23 flush cache ext. ................................23 format track ......................................24 identify response ...............................24 idle ......................................................24 idle immediate ....................................24 initialize drive parameters ..................24 nop (00h) ..........................................24 read buffer ........................................24 read dma ..........................................24 read dma ext ....................................24 read dma queued ............................25 read mult. ext ....................................25 read multiple ......................................25 read read dma queued ext .............25 read sector(s) ext .............................25 read sectors ......................................25 read/verify ext ...................................25 read/verify sector(s) .........................25 recalibrate .........................................26 security disable password .................26 security erase prepare ......................26 security erase unit .............................26 security freeze lock ..........................26 security set password .......................26 security unlock ..................................26 seek ...................................................27 set features .......................................27 set multiple code ...............................27 set sleep mode ..................................27 sleep ..................................................27 smart ...............................................27 standby ..............................................27 standby immediate ............................28 write buffer ........................................28 write dma ..........................................28 write dma ext ....................................28 write dma fua ext ............................28 write dma queued ............................28 write dma queued ext ......................28 write dma queued fua ext ..............28 write mulitple .....................................29 write mult fua ext .............................29 write mutliple ext ...............................29 write sector(s) ...................................29 write sector(s) ext .............................29 standard features compliance ..........................................6 endurance ............................................5 environmental ......................................6 interface ...............................................5 performance .........................................5 physical characteristics .......................6 power ...................................................7
zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive 75 reliability ............................................. 5 unformatted capacities ....................... 5 system post, boot and resume ... 61 system requirements connector requirements ................... 54 cooling requirements ....................... 57 drive configuration ............................ 53 drive installation ................................ 60 drive orientation ................................ 55 grounding .......................................... 60 mounting holes .................................. 58 mounting screws ................................ 59 primary heat generation ................... 56 sata connections ............................ 53 t trademark information ........................ ii v vibration random ............................................. 51 w warranty limited ............................................... 77 modifications ...................................... 77
76 zeus 2.5-inch serial ata solid state drive
77 c ertification and w arranty fcc declaration of conformity the zeus sata solid state drive carries the fcc-mark in accordance with related federal communications commission (fcc)?usa directives. this dev ice complies with part 15 of the fcc rules. operation is subject to the following two conditions: ? this device may not cause harmful interference. ? this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. this equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class b digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the fcc rules. these limits are desi gned to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. this equ ipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. however, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. if this equipment does cause harmful interf erence to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: ? re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna. ? increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. ? connect the equipment into an outlet on a circui t different from that to which the receiver is connected. ? consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help. modifications made to this device that are not approved by stec may void the authority granted to the user by the fcc to operate this equipment. limited warranty stec inc. (?stec?) sata solid state drives (?ssd?) are warranted against defects in ma terial and workmanship, and will operate in substantial c onformance with their re spective specificati ons under normal use and service for a period of five (5) years from the date of shipment. subject to the conditions and limitations set forth below, stec will, at its own option, either repair or replace any defective ssd produc t that proves to be defective by reasons of improper workmanship or materials, if buyer notifies stec of such failure within the stated warr anty period. products repaired or replaced during the applicable warranty period shall be covered by the foregoing warranties for the remainder of the original warranty period or ninety (90) days from the date of reshipment, whichever is longer. parts used to repair products or replacement produ cts may be provided by stec on an exchange basis, and will be either new or refurbished to be functionally equivalent to new. stec disclaims all other warranties, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantabi lity and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to its products and any accompanying written materials. further, stec does not warrant that software will be free from defects or that its use will be uninterrupted or regarding the use, or the results of the use of the software in terms of correctness, accuracy, reliability or otherwise. stec is not responsible for updates or functionality of th ird-party software. software is provided with notices and/or licenses from third parties which govern your use. modifications any changes or modifications made to this device that are not expressly approved by stec will void the user?s warranty. all wiring external to the product should follow the provisions of the current edition of the national electrical code.
stec inc. world headquarters 3001 daimler street santa ana, ca 92705 usa tel: 949.476.1180 fax: 949.476.1209 web: www.stec-inc.com 61000-03258-101; release 1.5

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